seminiferous tubules
sperms mature here
leydig cells
synthesise testosterone
sertoli cells
cells that make up seminiferous tubules
lumen
protects developing sperm cells from autoimmune mechanism
sperm levels that indicate infertility
seminal vesicle fluid
last to be ejaculated
fructose and nutrient rich
fibrinogen
prostaglandins
prostate gland secretions
thin, milky, alkali
PSA
protease
acid prosphatase
bulbourethral gland secretions
pre-ejaculate, clears urine and lubricates
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
- maintain corp luteum
- promote steroidogenesis
- role in stimulating testicular secretion and gonadal differentiation
- pregnancy test indicator
fetal circulation differences
- RV pumps more blood than LV
- Wall in RV thicker than LV
- oxygenation occurs at placenta, not lungs
- blood goes to placenta by 2 unbilical arteries
- well oxygenated blood returns to fetus via umbelical vein
ductus venosus
bypasses liver, connects umbilical vein with inferior vena cava before heart
foramen ovale
allows well oxygenated blood from ductus venosus to reach LA, right to left shunt
ductus arterioses
bypasses lungs, collects pulmonary trunk to descending aorta, rights to left shunt
amniotic fluid functions
- lung liquid - lung development
- allow symmetrical growth
- stop amnion from sticking to skin
- enable limb movements
5, maintain constant body temp
placenta functions
- secrete hormones to maintain pregnancy
- exchange of gases and nutrients
- immunological barrier to pathogens
- metabolism of glucose to lactate
oxytocin
synthesised in the hypothalamus
increases uterine contractions
stimulate formation of PGs
impt for milk ejection
