Role of Glycocalyx (outer carb covering of membrane)?
Cell identity
cell adhesion
receptor site
Role of Cholesterol in cell membrane?
maintain membrane fluidity
Lipids in cell membrane
Phosphatidylcholine
Sphingomyelin
cholesterol
Fluidity of cell membrane depends on which type of FAs?
Unsaturated FA
Role of SER?
lipid and steroid synthesis
detoxification (in liver cells)
Ca storage in muscle cells
transport
Role of Transitional ER
Packages new protein into transport vesicles
What is the Golgi Complex responsible for?
- Modifying proteins
- Sorting proteins
- Packaging proteins into vesicles
The Golgi Complex plays a crucial role in processing proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
What are the types of vesicles produced by the Golgi Complex?
- Secretory vesicles (exocytosis)
- Lysosomes
- Membrane renewal vesicles
These vesicles are essential for various cellular functions, including secretion and recycling of membrane components.
The Golgi Complex adds carbohydrates to proteins, resulting in _______.
glycoproteins
Glycoproteins are important for cell recognition and signaling.
True or false: Defects in the Golgi Complex can lead to protein mis-targeting.
TRUE
An example of this is I-cell disease, which results from such defects.
What is hetrophagy?
Removal of engulfed material by lysosomes
Name a semi-autonomal organelle
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial DNA is maternal inherited?
TRUE
During fusion, only nucleus from sperm moves in ovum, other cytoplasmic content of zygote is contibuted by ovum.
Name motor protein in cytoplasm
Kinesin: moves vesicles toward cell periphery (+ end of microtubule).
Dynein: moves toward center (– end); also drives cilia & flagella motion
Define stem cells.
Undifferentiated cells capable of developing into various cell types in the body.
True or false: Adult stem cells can differentiate into any cell type.
FALSE
Adult stem cells are typically limited to differentiating into cell types of their tissue of origin.
Fill in the blank: Embryonic stem cells are derived from _______.
The inner cell mass of a blastocyst.
What is regeneration in biology?
The process by which organisms replace or restore lost or damaged tissues.
What are pluripotent stem cells?
Stem cells that can differentiate into nearly all cell types in the body.
Name two types of structural proteins
microtubels: Present inside cell
Fibriller: present outside cell
Microtubules play role in maintaince of cell’s internal structure meanwhile Fibrillers play role in outer structure like collagen, in blood vessel etc
Composition of cell membrane
55% protein
25% phospholipids
13% cholesterol
4% other lipids
3% carbs
