1
Q
ears
A
- help gather and concentrate sound waves
2
Q
pinna
A
external flap of ear which gathers and concentrates sound waves
3
Q
external acoustic meatus
A
short passage that transfers sound to the eardrum
4
Q
eyes
A
protected by: eyelids, nictitating membrane used by organism for vision
5
Q
upper and lower eyelids
A
protect the eyeball
6
Q
nictitating membrane
A
- protects eyes
- covers anterior portion of eyeball
- in some animals, can move across the eyeball to keep the eye clean
- in humans, is a vestigial structure in the median corner of the eye
7
Q
mouth
A
fleshy lips and muscular cheeks used for eating and digesting food, part of oral cavity
8
Q
fleshy lips
A
Holds food in place and lets it enter the mouth
9
Q
cheeks
A
enable young to suckle/feed
10
Q
nostrils (nares)
A
on the end of the snout enable entry and exit of gasses
11
Q
umbilical cord
A
tube where blood vessels carried nutrients, oxygen and waste materials from embryo to the placenta and vice versa
12
Q
nipples
A
deliver breast milk to young
13
Q
tensor fascia lata
A
large muscle at the anterior surface of thigh, assist in movement of the hip
14
Q
gluteus medius
A
a thick muscle which lies just posterior to the preceding muscle
- action is to abduct the thigh
15
Q
gluteus maximus
A
- posterior to the gluteus medius
- function: to abduct the thigh
16
Q
biceps femoris
A
- a very large, triangular muscle comprising most of the posterior half of the lateral surface of thigh
- action: abduct the thigh and flex the shank
17
Q
Gastrocnemius
A
large calf muscle, to extend the foot
18
Q
tibialis anterior
A
- most ventral of the shank muscles
- action: to flex the foot
19
Q
extensor digitorum longus
A
- action: to extend the digits
20
Q
tongue
A
on ventral surface of oral cavity, starts process of swallowing and has taste buds for tasting
21
Q
hard palate
A
- forms dorsal surface of oral cavity
- separates oral cavity from nasal cavities
22
Q
soft palate
A
- posterior to the hard palate
- contains no bone
- aid speech swallowing and talking
23
Q
pharynx
A
serves as the entry point for the respiratory and digestive system
24
Q
epiglottis
A
- flap at the base of the tongue
- partially covers glottis
- helps prevent food from entering the trachea by covering glottis during swallowing
25
glottis
- opening
- entrance to the trachea
- control airflow
26
trachea
the passageway leading to the lungs
| - carry oxygen-rich air to the lungs
27
esophagus
- posterior and dorsal to the glottis
- soft, muscular digestive tract
- connects the oral cavity with the stomach
28
thymus glands
- come in pair lying among muscles of throat
- not part of digestive system
- produce antibodies in young pig against disease
29
larynx
used for breathing and producing sounds
30
liver
produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats
31
diaphragm
muscular partition that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities, contracts to help lungs intake oxygen
32
stomach
organ where food is stored and where digestion is initiated
33
mucosa
secretes mucus that lubricates and protects the cells from digestive enzymes
34
rugae
- folds that cover mucosa
| - allow stomach to expand after meal
35
submucosa
coordinate contractions of muscularis
36
muscularis
enables peristalsis which helps stomach mechanically break down food
37
gastric pits
secrete hydrochoric acid and pepsinogen
38
pylorus
opens and closes during digestion to allow foods to pass from stomach and small intestine
39
mesentery
fold of tissue that that attaches abdominal organs to the body wall and stores fat and supplies blood to the intestines
40
spleen
produces, stores, and eliminates red blood cells, and helps fight infections
41
duodenum
where chyme is further digested by secretions from pancreas and gallbladder
42
bile duct
allows bile to be secreted which helps digest fat
43
gall bladder
small green sac embedded in the liver which stores bile.
44
pancreas
produces insulin and glucagon
45
villi
increase surface area for food absorption, in small intestine
46
intestinal glands
secrete enzymes peptidase and carbohydrase
47
cecum
entry of the large intestine that absorbs electrolytes and fluid from the small intestinal content flowing into fecal matter
48
large intestine
The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body
49
nasal septum
bony partition that divides the nasal cavity into left and right
50
mucus membrane of nasal passage
helps keep nasal passage moist
51
nose
primary organ of respiratory system that is used for inhaling and exhaling and smelling
52
vocal cords
vibrate to produce sounds
53
thyroid
endocrine gland that produces thyroxin and triiodothyronine
54
lungs
bring in oxygen from the atmosphere and passes it into the bloodstream. From there, it circulates to the rest of the body.
55
bronchi
carry air to and from your lungs
56
alveoli
move oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules into and out of your bloodstream
57
heart
moves blood throughout the body
58
pericardium
tough, protective membrane that surrounds the heart and holds it in place
59
coronary arteries
supplies the heart itself with oxygenated blood so it can function
60
carotid arteries
supply head and neck and right forelimb with blood
61
left subclavian artery
supplies left forelimb with blood
62
pulmonary trunk
carries deoxygentaed blood from right ventricle to pulmonary arteries
63
pulmonary arteries
carry deoxygenated blood into the lungs, where it releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen
64
aorta
carries newly oxygenated blood to the body
65
ductus arteriosus
serves to shunt blood away from the pulmonary circulation
66
coeliac artery
short vessel that supplies the stomach, duodenum, liver, and spleen with oxygen-rich blood
67
mesenteric artery
provides oxygenated blood and nutrients to the intestines
68
paired renal arteries
one supply each kidney with blood from the arota.
69
paired iliac arteries
supply oxygenated blood to each of the legs and pelvic area
70
paired umbilical arteries
carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the mother
71
atrioventricular valves
help blood flow to ventricles and prevents it from flowing back into the atria
72
semilunar valves
prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles
73
scrotal sac
holds the testes and keeps them cooler than body temperature
74
small intestine
Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place
75
umbilical vein
carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus
76
inferior vena cava
is a large vein that carries blood from the torso and lower body to the right side of the heart
77
kidney
organ that removes urea, excess water, and other waste products from the blood and passes them to the ureter
78
urinary bladder
stores urine
79
urethrea
connects the urinary bladder to the urinary meatus for the removal of urine from the body
80
uterus
Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus
81
prostate
the gland in males that controls the release of urine and secretes a part of semen that enhances motility and fertility of sperm
82
parathyroid glands
produce parathyroid hormone
83
adrenal glands
glands that help the body recover from stress and respond to emergencies
84
nasopharynx
allows air to flow from the nose through the rest of the pharynx, larynx and trachea and then into the lungs
85
spiral colon
reabsorb fluids and process waste products from the body and prepare for its elimination
86
parietal pleura
secretes the lubricant lining of the pleural cavity
87
renal vein
carry deoxygenated blood from kidney to posterior vena cava
88
ureter
Carries urine from kidney to urinary bladder
89
pulmonary vein
veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
90
superior vena cava
vein that receives blood from the head and arms and chest
91
rectum
temporary storage site for fecal matter before it is eliminated from the body
92
anus
disposal of waste products out of the body
93
right ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
94
left ventricle
Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta
95
right atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps the blood to the right ventricle
96
left atrium
recieves oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps to left ventricle
97
incisors/canines
first teeth to usually come through gums, grip/tear/chew
AP Biology
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