Plant Cells

Question 1

Are made up of

Answer 1

• Cell walls
• Cell membrane
• Cell nucleus
• Cytoskeleton
• Plastids
• Chloroplasts
• Leucoplasts
• rough/smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• nucleolus
• golgi apparatus
• mitochondria
• chromatin network
• vesicles
• Vacuole
• Ribosome

Question 2

The cel wall

Answer 2

• only non living part of the plant cell

- helps protect and strengthens the cell

Question 3

Cell membrane

Answer 3

• the membrane around the outside of the cell (bound by either a single double or no membrane at all)
• provides protection
• and also allows what comes in and out

Question 4

Cell nucleus

Answer 4

• it contains the DNA of the cell
• has at least one nucleus
• can easily be seen under a light microscope

Question 5

Cytoskeleton

Answer 5

• a network of filaments and tubules that exerts through your the cell through the cytoplasms

Question 6

microtubules

Answer 6

responsible for the structural strength

Question 7

actin filaments

Answer 7

responsible for contraction (like muscles)

Question 8

plastids

Answer 8

are relatively large organelle that are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own circular DNA And are able to replace themselves

3 main types of plastids are developed from small colourless organelles the are protoplastids before they decide what the want to be

Question 9

chloroplast

Answer 9

• contains a double membrane
• filled with stroma
• most common type of plastic
• located in the cytoplasmic ground
• contain green pigments (chlorophyll) which trap light energy fro photosynthesis
• contains a variety of orangey pigments also knows as cartenoids
• bounded by 2 membranes

Question 10

Leucoplasts

Answer 10

• Are colourless plastids found in the storage organs of plants
• if they are exposed to light they can evolve into chloroplasts

Question 11

Amyloplasts (from leucoplasts)

Answer 11

• store starch and are found in potatoes flour wheat corn and rice etc

Question 12

protoplasts (leucoplasts)

Answer 12

• store proteins and are found in beans nuts peas etc

Question 13

Elaioplasts (leucoplasts)

Answer 13

• store fat/lipids and are found in avocado olives citrus fruits etc

Question 14

chromoplasts

Answer 14

• located in the cytoplasmic matrix
• they lack chlorophyll which makes them red orange and yellow in colour (carotenoid pigments)
• chromoplasts may develop into chromosomes

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

• the powerhouse of the cell (uses cellular respiration to from energy)
• has two membranes (outer (relatively smooth) inner (folded to form cisternae)
• Cristae is the inner fold of the inner membrane which is where energy is produced and stored in the form of ATP
• the space between the cristae is the matrix which containes ribosomes and DNA

Question 16

Endoplasmic reticulum (either smooth or rough)

Answer 16

• rough has ribosomes
• smooth doesnt
• is the network of membranes running through the cytoplasm of every eukaryotic cell
• cannot be seen under a compound light microscope
• consists of flattened membrane called cisternae

Question 17

Golgi apparatus

Answer 17

• made up it numerous sets of flat curved membrane bound sacks called cisternae
• never covered with ribosomes

Question 18

plant cell vacuoles

Answer 18

• fluid filled membrane bound sacs in the cytoplasm as vacuoles
• can fill up 90% of the cell
• only true vacuoles are found in plant cells