What are the five traits that represent adaptations to terrestrial life in plants?
- Alternation of generations
- Multicellular, dependent embryos
- Walled spores produced in sporangia
- Multicellular gametangia
- Apical meristems
These traits help plants survive and reproduce in a terrestrial environment.
What are the four challenges plants face when adapting to land?
- Desiccation
- Moving water from roots to tips
- Growing upright
- Reproduction on land
These challenges necessitate specific adaptations for survival.
Define alternation of generations.
A life cycle where a sporophyte generation alternates with a gametophyte generation
This process is fundamental to the reproductive cycle of land plants.
What is a sporophyte?
A 2n spore producing body
The sporophyte is a diploid phase in the plant life cycle.
What are sporangia?
Structures on the sporophyte in which n spores are produced
Sporangia are crucial for the reproduction of plants.
What are microspores?
n male spores
Microspores develop into male gametophytes.
What are megaspores?
n female spores
Megaspores develop into female gametophytes.
What is a gametophyte?
A n gamete producing body
The gametophyte is a haploid phase in the plant life cycle.
What are gametangia?
Structures on the gametophyte in which n gametes are produced
Gametangia are essential for sexual reproduction in plants.
What are archegonia?
Female gametangia
Archegonia are involved in the production of eggs.
What are antheridia?
Male gametangia
Antheridia are involved in the production of sperm.
What characterizes bryophytes?
- No vascular tissue
- No true roots, stems, leaves
- Dominant gametophyte
Bryophytes include liverworts, mosses, and hornworts.
What are the characteristics of liverworts?
- Gametophyte conspicuous
- Sporophyte dependent on gametophyte
- No stomata
Liverworts are a type of bryophyte.
What are the characteristics of mosses?
- Gametophyte conspicuous
- Sporophyte dependent on gametophyte
- Stomata on sporophyte
Mosses are another type of bryophyte.
What are the characteristics of hornworts?
- Gametophyte conspicuous
- Sporophyte dependent on gametophyte
- Stomata on sporophyte
Hornworts are also classified as bryophytes.
What defines tracheophytes?
- Have vascular tissue
- True roots, stems, leaves
- Dominant sporophyte
Tracheophytes include vascular plants such as ferns and lycophytes.
What are examples of lycophytes?
- Selaginella
- Whisk ferns
- Horsetails
- Ferns
Lycophytes are a group of vascular plants.
