Pneumonia

Question 1

causes

Answer 1

bacterial:
-Strep pneumonia
-staph aureus
-Haemophilius influenzae
-chlamydia pneumonia
-mycoplasma pneumoniae
-legionella pneumonia
Viruses- haemophilius
Fungi

Question 2

Investigation

Answer 2

• thin CT
• Bloods
• CXR

Confusion
Urea in blood> 7
Respiratory rate  >30bpm
Blood pressure( diastole) < 60
65

Question 3

Signs

Answer 3

• Dullness on percussion
• increased Resonant sounds
• Crackles on inspiration
• Tachypnoea
• central cyanosis

Question 4

Symptoms

Answer 4

• Breathlessness
• productive rusty cough
• haemoptysis
• pleuritic chest pain

Question 5

Treatment

Answer 5

• Fluids
• 02
• Analgesia
• Antibiotics: beta lactams and macrolides
• drainage if fluid
• surgery

Question 6

classification of pneumonia

Answer 6

• community acquired
• hospital acquired
• Aspiration
• Atypical

OR
Bronchopneumonia: segments of consolidation separated by normal lung tissue
Lobar/segmental: complete investment of the a lobe
Atypical

Question 7

How does it resolve

Answer 7

• Abcess
• Empyema
• Pleural effusion
• Organisation - COP/BOOP
• Resolves
• Anemia
• Septicemia
• Kidney injury

Question 8

CXR investigations

Answer 8

If bronchiopneumonia: 
chest patchiness throughout lung 
If Atypical pneumonia:
patchiness in hilarious region
more reticular 
If lobar: 
patchiness in lobe involved

Question 9

what is atypical pneumonia

Answer 9

pathogen in the interstitium surrounding the alveoli

Question 10

Other name for hospital acquired pneumonia and characters

Answer 10

Nosocomial

• more severe
• patients have weakened immune system and pathogens tend to be antibiotic resistant

Question 11

Different treatments based on CURB

Answer 11

CURB 0-1 amoxicillin or clarithromycin- HOME
2 together- HOSPITAL
3-5 Co-amoxiclav and clarithromycin- life threatening

Question 12

What is COP/BOOP

Answer 12

COP- cryptogenic organising pneumonia- narrowing of small airways
BOOP- bronchialitis obliterates organising pneumonia

Question 13

Definition

Answer 13

Inflammation of the lungs which leads to an inflammatory response