1
Q
Bayonet Charge Ideas
A
• focus on experience of unnamed soldier in conflict • sense of lack of preparation • sense of being out of control • sense of discomfort • sense of confusion • sense of pointlessness • sense of panic • sense that exulted ideas of patriotism are ‘dropped’ in the heat of the experience of conflict itself
2
Q
Bayonet Charge Form/Structure
A
• free verse • stanza lengths consisting of 8 lines, then 7, then 8 • enjambement between 2nd and 3rd stanzas, and within stanzas • 3rd person narrative, but use of unnamed soldier as focaliser • 1st stanza focused on discomfort and lack of preparation/ feeling out of control • 2nd stanza focused on sudden confusion • 3rd stanza focused on panic • ‘green hedge’ in 1st and 3rd stanzas • pauses at end of line 9 and mid line 15
3
Q
Bayonet Charge Language
A
- verbs conveying lack of control
- multi-sensory language
- imagery – lines: 5, 6, 8
- imagery of ‘clockwork’/ machinery
- hare as metaphor for soldier
- list of abstract nouns
- alliteration/ imagery in final line
4
Q
Charge of the Light Brigade Ideas
A
- General gave out wrong orders
- Lack of preparation
- The soliders were noble heros, but were failed by their commander
- Sense of patriotism
- Sense of helplessness
- Sense of fate and doom
- The Russian soldiers protrayed as experts
5
Q
Charge of the Light Brogade Form/Structure
A
- Anappestic tetrameter (symbolises sound of horse sound)
- 6 Stanzas, so each stanza equates to 100 people
- Enjambment in every stanza excpet the last
- Poem is in chornological order of the fight’s beginning, middle, to end
6
Q
Charge of the Light Brigade Language
A
- Metaphor ‘All in the valley of death’
- Imperatives ‘Charge’
- Repitition of 600
- Imagery ‘Jaws of Death’
- Imagery ‘Mouth of Hell’
- Anaphora ‘Their’s’
- Sibilance ‘shot and shell’
- Alliteration ‘world wonder’d’
7
Q
Exposure Ideas
A
- Long and droopy feeling created by the reader
- Shows the mental conflict inside the heads of soliders, as well as the conflict of war
- Focuses on the power of Nature vs Man
- Shows the helplessness of the soldiers in terms of the situation their in
- Shows that there’s no protection, as well as the harsh realities of war
8
Q
Exposure Form/Structure
A
- 8 stanzas
- 5 lines in each stanza (the poem is uniform and organised, like the army)
- Elipses used to emphasise vunerability (line 2+38)
- Enjambment on line 13
- Enjambment on line 29
9
Q
Exposure Language
A
- Repitition ‘Nothing happens’
- Rhetorical Question ‘What are we doing here?’
- Sibilance ‘streak the slience’
- Oxymoron ‘Innocent mice’
- Personification ‘knife us’
- Juxtaposition ‘Kind fires’
- Anaphora ‘for’
- Pathetic Fallacy of the ‘merciless iced east winds’ and the ‘poignant misery’
10
Q
Remains Ideas
A
- The poem is a part of a large group of poems called the Not Dead. They were written in response to the testimonies of ex-soldiers
- Each poem is a flashback to one experience of a solider
- Conflict of the mind, and your conscience all ag once
- Conflict between the two sides at war
11
Q
Remains Form/Structure
A
- It’s a super poem
- It’s a monologue
- 8 stanzas
- The first 7 stanzas are largely unrhymed quatrains, except the last stanza which has is 2
- Examples of enjambment, sometimes between stanzas which adds a sense of someone telling a story naturally.
- Half rhyme in stanza 4 to show how the speaker is unsettled from his own actions
- Rhyming couplet showing the narrator would like to end his confesion here but doesn’t
12
Q
Remains Language
A
- Casual tone highlights that the killing is seen as normal
- Probably, more certain
- Possibly, less certain
- “I swear” - language used in the court of law, but also symbolises a confession in a monologue
- “Three of a kind”, ironic as it links with the 3 muskateers who fough for justice, not murder
- “Blood shadow” Shadows follow you around and this blood shadow is the fact that this murder follow his around and haunts him
- Sand - allusion to the end of Ozymandias
- Repitition of ‘bloody’ alludes to Macbeth and possibly the idea or remose and guilt.
13
Q
War Photographer Ideas
A
- Idea of Ignorance v Reality
- Idea of Duty vs Moral Obligation
- Power of War crushing the powerlessness
- Ties in with the ignorance of the priviledged and the power of the conscience
- Call morals and ethics of society into view and qiestions the explicitly.
- Only sight is conveyed through photoss, no sound, or emotion (everything outside the photo is hidden)
14
Q
War Photographer Form/Structure
A
- Volat at line 12
- Alternate Rhyming couplet
- In four regular six line stanzas
- Each stanza ends with a rhyming couplet
- The rigid, organised order of the structure contrasts the chaotic, disturbing images (it embodies the war photographer’s job)
- Cassuras between ‘Rural England’ show how disconnected it is with these images decribed
- Cyclical structure, starts with the photographer leaving a trip and ends with them going back out one one. I. Ties in with idea of fate
- Enjambment on lines 3 and 4
15
Q
War Photographer Language
A
- Sibilance in ‘Solutions slop’
- ‘job to do’ is monosyllabic, hinting the photographer is becominb perfunctory (act carried out without real interest)
- Contrast between the warzones of Belfast ,Bierut, Phnom Penh and the separated and safe ‘Rural England’
- Emotive language of ‘running children in a nightmare heat’
- Hyperbole: ‘a hundred agonies’
- “reader’s eyeballs prock with tears between the bath and pre-lunch beers” shows irony, as well as the highlighting the differing lifestyles
- “Half-formed ghost” - a photo of a person who is half dead while the photo is half formed.
16
Q
Poppies Ideas
A
• effects of conflict not just on soldiers, but on people at home too, such as mothers
• sense of loss even before death (mother
feeling she is losing her son as he grows up
and leaves home)
• personal grief
• loss of control (emotionally)
• difficult to get used to loss
• pain of loss
17
Q
Poppies Form/Structure
A
• uneven stanza lengths, although first and last stanzas are same length (tension between trying to maintain emotional control and losing it)
• enjambement between 2nd and 3rd stanzas, and within stanzas to show loss of control
• moves from past to present/ more recent past – she keeps wanting to move back to
the past when her son was alive
• gradual movement away from touch
• 1st person narrative
18
Q
Poppies Language
A
• imagery of textiles • imagery of conflict (eg. ‘crimped’, ‘blockade’, ‘bandaged’) even in intimate domestic situations • sensory language – focus on touch/ feeling • imagery of birds
19
Q
The Emigree Ideas
A
- Emigrée means to emigrate (to move out/leave somewhere)
- Emigrée is feminine, which links to it being a minoroty voice
- Conflict between Identities
- Mental conflict of Fantasy vs Reality
- It conveys conflict between emotion and memory
- Display the power of memory
20
Q
The Emigree Form/Structure
A
- It’s a free verse poem
- Composed of 3 stanzas
- First two stanzas are 8 lines and the last stanza has a 9th line - perhaps suggesting the reader doesn’t want her memories to go or want to poem to end?
- There is no use of rhyme
- There is a suggestion of a rhythmic pattern of five stresses to the line (although it doesn’t establish itself as a regular rhythm).
- The irregular rhythmic pattern may reflect the speakers state of mind which is a bit uneasy and unsettled
21
Q
The Emigree Language
A
- Begins with a ‘fairey-tale’ like opening
- Sunlight is contrasted with the dark and gloom of winter (foreshadowing) - line 3
- ‘Impression of sunlight’ - she could be optimistic
- Similie on like 11 and 13 - ‘like waves’ and ‘like a hollow doll
- ‘My city comes to me in it’s own white plane’ - personification expands the metaphor and suggests other have fled
- The concept of the city can be a metaphor for memories and growth in general (like going from childhood to maturity)
- Repitition of accuse in the very last part of the poem gives a sinister identity to the oppression that may’ve been received in this city.
22
Q
Tissue Ideas
A
- Tissue is disposable, provides comfort, is delicate, and links with sadness (as you dry your eyes with it when you cry)
- It links with the power to conform, geographical power, man made power, and the power of history and religion.
- The poem shows the influence of culture
- Shows what is identity, and how our identity is made up
- It critiques Man’s power nd highlights the fragility and vunerability of paper
- It references that paper makes the borders between countries and is the thing that divides the advntaged from the disadvantaged (in terms of maps and money being made of paper)
23
Q
Tissue Form/Structure
A
- Written in Free Verse
- Includes unrhymed, irregular quatrains (can link to the flimsy nature of the tissue paper the poem refers to)
- Consists of 10 stanzas, and the first 9 are 4 lines long, while the last one is 1 line (it emphasises the connection between paper and skin)
- The poem lacks regular rhyme and rhythm, while enjambment is used to add to the flowing, delicate nature of paper and human life
- Each stanza tells a different story
- A cyclical-like structure is determined at the end as ‘pages smoothed and stroked an turned transparent with attention’ (stanza 3) links to ‘paper smoothed and stroked and thinned to be transparent’ (stanza 9)
24
Q
Tissue Language
A
- ‘Sun shines through’ - light and sun links with a new day and renewed hope for life and the world. Tissue paper exposes the light.
- In stanza 6, a lexical field of money and financial power is depicted through the words ‘sold’, ‘paid’, and ‘credit card’.
- ‘Place layer over layer’ (stanza 7) - highlights that layers of paper are more solid than one, and can overcome,an-made structures of brick and block
- This means that the identity of many people (or a community) is stringer than the beliefs/wants and needs of the one person
- ‘thinned to be transparent’ (stanza 9) - shows the fragility of human life like the fragility of paper and tells us that human life is temporary, as everyone ages (gets older)
25
My Last Duchess Ideas
-Is the story a confession as we'd assume, or is it a warning about the type of behaviour expected of the Duke's new wife
-The poem explores the idea of peode and ownership
-The poem is highly oatriarchal in his views on women and how they should be treated by himself and others
-The Duke expresses his desire to control his subjects
( -The narrator of ‘My Last Duchess’ was – in fact - a real historical figure – Alonso the Duke of Ferrera.)
26
My Last Duchess Form/Structure
- It's a Dramatic Monologue
- Entire thing is in iambic pentameter - emphasises control
- Rhyming Scheme of AABBCC and so, so there is a rhyming couplet on the next line - this shoes his essential control over his subsjects
- The calmness of his nature is refekcted in the regular rhythm of the poem
- Enjambment could imply deeper, hiddem passion
- At the end, we realise the narrator of the poem has been speaking to an envoy the whole time, which suggests his "confession" could instead be a warning
27
My Last Duchess Language
- Excessive use of personal pronouns, such as 'my' for example
- The repeating of 'Sir' enforces the idea and state of class in this person.
- Her looks went everywhere - "She would look at other men almost as much as her own husband, she could've easily been unfaithful and cheated. She would flirt with everybody."
- The enjambment in the lines 29 and 30 shows how furious the Duke is, as he is almost going on a rant about what she could've done
- 'I gave commands' - He wants to have complete control over her so she can't cheat.
- 'sea-horss, thought rarity' - Seahorses are lusty animals, and likening the dutchess to a seahorse would infer that she had possibily cheated and commited adultery.
28
London Ideas
- This poem was highlighting the gap in class in London, and how the disadvantaged people will try and change this.
- He explores the idea of these underdogs rising up to overthrow the powerful monarchy.
- The Writer was against insitutions (e.g Church Monarchy, e.c.t) and this may reflects in his writing
- Blake wants to give a platform for disadvantaged people to speak and step up
- It depicts the part of London that was ignored, but the rest of London was a growing metropolis
29
Londom Form/Structure
- 1 stanza poem
- 16 Lines in this Poem
- 8 Syllables per Line (Tetrameter)
- The Rhythm is like a heatbeat, as the 2nd syllable is more stressed than the first (each line has an IAMBIC Tetrameter)
- Rhyming Couplets in the formation of ABABCDCD and ect.
- The poem is meant to flow off the tongue, and is quite short in it's lines, and the poem is not too long.
- There are 4 equal standing quatrains (1-4, 5-8, 9-12, 13-16).
30
London Langauge
- Anaphora is used in quatrain 2 in the first 3 lines (repitition in the fist few words of a line in a few lines)
- Marks - permanent marks that will be left
- 'Chartered street' - the streets are owned
- 'marriage hearse' - marriages ended up dead
- 'Harlot's curse' - Most women were prostitutes, which meant they were riddled with STD's which would carry on through their children
- 'Runs in blood down palace walls' - This blood is from the fault of King George, who essentially killed these people with his pointless fighting
- 'Church appalls' - Every church, no matter how good or bad is horrified
31
Ozymandias Ideas
- Poem was written under the rule of King George II
- Rameses was like King George in the fact that he wanted to expand his Empire
- Shelley writes against religion amd political control in this poem
- Focuses on the idea of Man vs Nature
- Focuses on the idea of legacy
- Highlights the power of Nature
- It conveys the idea of those who have power are dilluded in their belief that their power is supreme and invincible
- The art and the statue does last, while Rameses political power does not.
- The fact that it is a sonnet could link the fact fact that Ozymandias has a love of his power.
32
Oxymandias Form/Structure
- 1 Stanza
- 14 lines
- Line 9 is the Volta
- First 8 lines are the Octet
- Last 6 lines are the Sestet
- Sonnet (usually a love poem)
- 10 Syllables per line
- Structure of a Sonnet: ABAB...GG - Rhyming Couplets
- However, this poem doesn't end in GG like a how a traditional sonnet would, possibly showing that he is rebellious
33
Ozymandias Language
- Lots of Speech/Quotation
- Ozymandias is depicted as powerful through the quotes and speech he makes (direct speech), "My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings"
- Alliteration is used to emphasise emptiness
- The alliterative repetition of the hard 'c' sounds reflects the harsh nature of Ozymandias
- The plethora of deeply negative language is used to make it very clear that the poem is an attack and not a prasing up of the powerful
- There is a religious reference, God is the King of Kings, while Rameses also seems to think he is too. Saying this is an attempted to undermine religion and Ozymandias
34
Storm on the Island Ideas
- Lack of article in the title shows the relentlessness of the 'storm'
- Microcosm of isolated adventure
- Focuses on Man v Nature
- Focuses on the over-ruling power of nature
- Stormont = N. Ireland Government
- Poet engages the reader and uses to possessive pronouns for them to picture what they would feel like if they were in the same situation
35
Storm on the Island Form/Structure
- It's In media res
- Blank verse
- Iambic pentameter
- Lack of rhyming scheme
- Volta on Line 9
- One stanza in total
- Enjambment on 'blows full' (line 6)
- Enjambment on 'spits like a tame cat' (line 15)
36
Storm on the Island Language
- "We" implies as a group and shows togetherness
- Caesura ':' shows confidence
- Long sentences used to build tension
- Repitition of 'no' to emphasise how little they have
- Metaphor 'wind dives' links to the motion of an enemy fighter plane
- Uses colloquial language 'you know what I mean'
- Oxymoron 'exploding comfortably' can reference a bomb, but also waves from the sea (ripple of the explosion)
37
Extract from The Prelude Ideas
- 'Prelude' - an introduction to something more important
- It shows mental and self conflict
- It shows how the magnitude of nature is greater than one person
- References the power of love
- References religious power
- References personal pride and power of the mind
- Black and huge, creates a looming picture in the readers mind. The huge is repeated, showing his panic
- At the end, nature is portrayed as blank, and unfamiliar after these events
- He is traumatised by nature by the end
38
Extract from The Prelude Form/Structure
- This is an 'Epic Poem' - something that has a revelation.
- It is a 1 stanza poem, and is just an extract from a 7 page poem.
- There is no structure or coherance, just a child-like tumbing out of words
- It's iambic pentameter (10 Syllables per line)
- Volta at line 21
39
Extract from The Prelude Language
- His boat is personfied 'led by her'
- 'Stealth' hints he remains undetected
- Oxymoron 'troubled pleasure'
- Anjournment create a feeling of unity and not separation.
- He shows arrogance by using words and phrases like 'like one who rows', 'unswearving line', and 'fixed my view', as well as being 'proud of his skill'
- The magical feeling is created through the 'elfin' which is a word for fairey.
- Similie 'water like a swan'
- Sibilance 'stars and still'
- Repitition if huge to show he doesn't know how to explain or compute the enormity of what he has just experinced.
