x=
rcosu
y=
rsinu
x^2+y^2=
r^2
u=
arctan (y/x)
r=a
a circle
u=??
is a half line through 0 making an angle ?? with the initial line
r=ua
is a spiral starting at 0
an egg shape occurs when
r=a(p + qcosu)
and p>= 2q
a dimple shape occurs when
r=a(p + qcosu)
and q=< p < 2q
to find a tangent parallel to the initial line
set dy/du = 0
to find a tangent perpendicular to the initial line
set dx/du = 0