POLI227

Question 1

Politics

Answer 1

Broadly activities associated with the process and institutions of government, or the state, but in the context of wider power relation and struggles.

Question 2

Domestic Political traits of LDCs (4)

Answer 2

• Tendancy toward totalitarian rules
  
  • Military
  • Single rulling party
  • Personal dictatorship
• Severe instability
• Internal conflicts
• Endemic corruption

Question 3

explanation : war made state and state made war

+ who ?

+ preconditions

Answer 3

Charles Tilly propose that in order to make the war you have to

• raise an army (forcing them to fight)
• collect taxes (make them pay)
• build infrastructures
• rally around the flag effect (sense of patriotism and identity)

Question 4

purpose of the state (3)

Answer 4

• solving collective action problem
• protecting domestic population from foreign attack
• protecting citizens against each others

Question 5

GINI coefficient

Answer 5

to measure inequalities :

100 high inequalities

0 = no inequality

Question 6

5 political system capabilities

Answer 6

1. extractivism (drawing material and human resource)
2. regulative (exercising control)
3. distributive (allocation of goods to social groups
4. symbolic (effictive symbols i.e. statues and flags)
5. responsive (responsiveness of inputs and outputs

Question 7

colonization left legacies (4)

Answer 7

• economies reliant on natural resources
  
  • countries remain tightened to what they were exporting
  • cotton sugar cane, coffee
• economies geared toward export for international market (not for local consumption)
• social and political marginalization dark skin people
• coercion of labour force (cheapest workforce as possible)

Question 8

Context modernization theory

Answer 8

• decolonization period : emergence of new state
• cold war : make sure every country become liberal and not communist

Question 9

porus borders

Answer 9

A situation when the country’s border is not protected. As result, people cross it unchecked.

Question 10

“The biggest challenge facing the world is the increasing income gap between rich and poor. Between countries and between groups)

Answer 10

World Economic Forum of 2013 in Davos (Switzerland)

Question 11

diamond shaped society

Answer 11

modern societies

most of people in middle class

UPWARD MOBILITY opportunity

Question 12

dependency theory

Answer 12

• It is not a matter of culture (as modernization theory implies with the traditional society) : it is because of the history of exploitation of the developing world.
• Developing countries :
  
  • exporter of primary commodities with low value
• Developed
  
  • exporter of manufactured products with high value
• “Rich countries need poor states to stay healthy and vice-versa”

Question 13

Foreign direct investment (FDI)

Question 14

4 problems that political capabilities helps

Answer 14

1. state building (structure that penetrate society)
2. nation building (need to build culture of loyalty and commitment)
3. participation (pressure from groups to participate in decision-making
4. distribution (pressure for redistribution of welfare)

Question 15

Boko Haram’s problems (6)

Answer 15

1. British drew borders arbitrary, creating a country that makes no sens
2. Radical group that doesn’t reflect the real Islamic values and does not represent the views of the people they claim to represent
3. Kidnapping news of hundred of schoolgirls went viral and then International (e.g. michelle obama’s movement “protect our girls”
4. High oil revenue that creates corruption and unequal distribution
5. no economic opportunity and it can be easier for people to join the group (not a religious interest but rather a practical one since you get fed + accomodation + power/arms)
6. Perception that the group is brutal but not any worse than the military.

Question 16

Modern society keywords

Answer 16

• Urban
• Secular
• secondary mode of production
• mobile (can move through social class)
• access to education
• individual familly
• lot of people in middle class (diamond shaped society)

Question 17

Samuel Huntington view :

Answer 17

recommend modernization as a prerequisite to democratization

Those who argued that democracy had to come after modernization tended to make the point that if you democratize while not many resources because the country is poor, you might get chaos

Better to have an authoritarian government to oversee the modernization process

Question 18

Modernization theory : when

Answer 18

1950

Question 19

Traditional society (keywords) 6

Answer 19

• Rural
• Subsistence
• custom/religion
• extented families
• primary mode of production
• rely agriculture
• pyramidal society

Question 20

path dependency

Answer 20

when states have difficulties changing their trajectory after formative experiences of colonialism

Question 21

Scramble for Africa countries (7)

Answer 21

1. France
2. Britain
3. Spain
4. Portugal
5. Italian
6. Belgian
7. US

Question 22

Globalization

Answer 22

The process of increasing interconnectedness between societies.

Events in one part of the world can have consequences on people far away

Question 23

Pyramidal society

Answer 23

traditional societies

few richs

few middle class

lot poor

Question 24

2 role of colonial state

Answer 24

• control/ administrate territory
• extract resources

Question 25

civil war

Answer 25

war/conflict that happens within the country's borders (often the result of colonialism)

Question 26

Purpose of the state (3)

Answer 26

1. Solving collective action problems 2. protecting domestic population from foreign attack 3. protecting citizens from each other acting in the best collective interest

Question 27

conference berlin 1884

Answer 27

to set rules about whom would get which colonies

Question 28

Boko Haram was founded in

Answer 28

2002

Question 29

Boko Haram's mission

Answer 29

aims to create separation of Islamic state

Question 30

ISIS rises because of

Answer 30

porous borders (militant can move freely)

Question 31

ISIS was founded in 19\_\_ in \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 31

2006 in IRAQ

Question 32

Path dependency

Answer 32

when states have difficulties changing their trajectory after formative experiences of colonialism

Question 33

Key characteristics of industrialization

Answer 33

* urbanization * new technology * mass production * consumption + * capital investment

Question 34

Developing World

Answer 34

Those regions that were formerly colonized by Western powers, which have been late to industrialized and which sustained relatively high level of poverty.

Question 35

Boko haram English translation

Answer 35

"western religion is sacrilegious"

Question 36

BRICS

Answer 36

Emerging economies ; Brazil Russia India China South Africa

Question 37

critique modernization : who

Answer 37

dependency theory

Question 38

4 mechanism for the formation of a state

Answer 38

1. Raise an army and get people to volunteer or force them to fight in the name of the country 2. Raising taxes and forcing people to pay. People need to be willing to pay taxes. 3. Building infrastructure that would serve for the army as well as after the wars 4. "Rally round the flag" effect, a concept used in political science and international relations to explain increased short-run popular support of the President of the US during periods of internaional crisis or war. * create a sens of identity * (if you live remote from the city, in rural area, you don't necessarily gain a sens of identy related to your country)

Question 39

Scramble for africa driven by 3 factors

Answer 39

1. greed for resources 2. belief of racial supremacy 3. religious purpose

Question 40

modern state max weber definition

Answer 40

"A human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory. Monopoly : that state have all the power

Question 41

Modernization theory : 2 key arguments

Answer 41

* industrialization comes with democracy * from traditional society to modern society

Question 42

Francis fukyuama ideas about the States

Answer 42

"ability to plan and execute policies and to enforce laws cleanly and transparently"

Question 43

Since 1945, there is more ________ than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 43

Civil wars inter-state wars

Question 44

Almond's output functions (3)

Answer 44

1. Rule making (legislature) 2. Rule implementation (bureaucracies) 3. Rule adjudication (judicial system)

Question 45

Colonialism is driven by 4 factors

Answer 45

* Tax returns from the colony inhabitants * Access to resources * Beliefs of racial superiority * called "Civilizing mission" * Religious purpose * Tactical locations for conflits/wars

Question 46

modernization theory critique

Answer 46

* eurocentric view * one-size fits all economic model (but what works for EU doesn't necessarily works elsewhere * unidirectional social economic process * oversimplified.

Question 47

state.

Answer 47

* Effectiveness. * Legitimacy in the eyes of people. (Opposed with drug cartel that have monopony of physical force but NO legitimacy) * The states enforce the law, * Separation between the private and public sphere Being the sheep of the state.

Question 48

A situation when the country's border is not protected. As result, people cross it unchecked.

Answer 48

porus border