Polymers

Question 1

What types of reactions are condensation polymers formed in? [3]:

Answer 1

• Dicarboxylic acids + diols
• Dicarboxylic acids + diamines
• Amino acids

Question 2

What are the main types of condensation polymers?

[3]:

Answer 2

• Polypeptides
• Polyamides
• Polyesters

Question 3

Condensation Polymerisation [2]:

Answer 3

• 2 different monomers with at least 2 functional groups react together.
• A link is made and water is eliminated

Question 4

What does the link in condensation polymerisation determine?

Answer 4

The polymer produced

Question 5

When are amide links formed?

Answer 5

When dicarboxyilc acids + diamines

Question 6

What is kevlar and what are its uses? [4]:

Answer 6

• It’s a polyamide
• used in bulletproof vests
• Car tires
• Some sports equipment

Question 7

Why is kevlar used for its uses lol?

Answer 7

it is light weight but strong

Question 8

What is kevlar formed from? [2]:

Answer 8

• Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and

- 1,4-diaminobenzene

Question 9

What is Nylon 6,6?

Answer 9

A Polyamide

Question 10

What is Nylon 6,6 used for? [4]:

Answer 10

• Ropes
• Carpets
• Clothing
• Parachute fabric

Question 11

What is nylon 6,6 made from? [2]:

Answer 11

• hexandioc acid

- 1,6 diaminohexane

Question 12

How are Polyesters formed?

Answer 12

dicarboxilic acid + diols

Question 13

How are ester links formed?

Answer 13

When dicarboxylic acids react with diols

Question 14

What is terylene?

Answer 14

It is a Polyester also known as PET

Question 15

What are the uses of terylene? [3]:

Answer 15

• Plastic bottles
• Sheeting
• Clothes

Question 16

What is terylene made from? [2]:

Answer 16

benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid + ethane-1,2-diol

Question 17

How do you determine the monomer unit from a polymer? [2]:

Answer 17

• Break the bond in between ester/ amide link

- Then add H and OH to each of the monomer units

Question 18

What monomers do a polyester produce? [2]:

Answer 18

• A dicarboxylic acid

- A diol

Question 19

What monomers do a polyamide produce?

Answer 19

• Dicarboxylic acid

- Diamide

Question 20

Addition Polymer [definition]:

Answer 20

A type of polymer formed by joining small alkenes (monomers) together

Question 21

Polarity in condensation polymers [3]:

Answer 21

• They have polar c-o and c-n bonds
• Makes them more rigid n stronger than addition polymers
• Hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole n vanderwaals forces also exist between polymer chains, making ‘em stronger

Question 22

Addition polymer examples [2]:

Answer 22

• Poly(ethene)

- Poly alkenes in general

Question 23

What do addition polymers not do?

Answer 23

Biodegrade in landfills

Question 24

Polyalkenes are…[3]:

Answer 24

• Saturated molecules
• Normally non-polar so unreactive
• Good when used in foods cus unreactive

Question 25

What are landfills useful for? [2]:

Answer 25

Disposing of plastics that are... - too difficult to separate - do not contain enough plastic to extract for profit

Question 26

Landfill disadvantages [3]:

Answer 26

- not very sustainable - large amount of land needed - visual pollution

Question 27

Incineration [2]:

Answer 27

- Burning plastics can release toxic fumes | - PVC produce HCl when burned

Question 28

How is HCl neutralised after incineration? [2]:

Answer 28

- Flue gas scrubbers | - They work by firing a base at the flue gases

Question 29

What is an example of a plastic that can be remoulded?

Answer 29

poly(propene)

Question 30

Advantages of recycling plastics [4]:

Answer 30

+ It is cheaper than making from scratch + Less CO2 produced + Reduces landfill reliance + Preserves crude oil

Question 31

disadvantages of recycling plastics [3]:

Answer 31

- Plastics can be contaminated - Difficult to remake original plastic from recycled material - Sorting n processing plastics expensive compared to incineration