polysaccharide

Question 1

Polysaccharide

Answer 1

• Large complex polymers,
• large number of monosaccharide
• linked together by glycosidic bonds

Question 2

Starch / Glycogen as storage products

Answer 2

• these are polysaccharide
• used in plant/animal cells as storage products instead of glucose.
  - are insoluble and so have no osmotic effect
  - cannot diffuse out of the cell
  - compact molecules, can be stored in small places
  - carry a lot of energy in their C-H / C-C bonds

Question 3

Starch

Answer 3

• Main source of glucose for plants
• bond two ways amylose / amylopectin

Question 4

Amylose

Answer 4

• linear
• unbranched
• 1-4 glycosidic bonds
• forms a chain which coils into a helix

Question 5

Amylopectin

Answer 5

• glucose monomers with 1-4 glycosidic bond.
• side chain - 1-6 glycosidic
  - normal 1-4 glycosidic bonds within side chain

Question 6

Glycogen

Answer 6

• Main storage product in animals
• 1-4 / 1-6 glycosidic bonds
  - shorter side chains

Question 7

Cellulose structure

Answer 7

• B-glucose, joined by 1-4 glycosidic bond
• unbranched parallel chains
• every other molecule rotated
• H bond form between parallel chains
• multiple parallel chain - microfibrils
• bundle of microfibrils - fibers

Question 8

Chitin

Answer 8

• polysaccharide found in exoskeleton of insects and in fungal cell walls
• has long chains of of B-1,4 bonds
• strong, waterproof and light weight
• every other monomers are rotated
• hydrogen bonds, between parallel chains
• forming microfibrils