POLYSCI Exam 1

Question 1

Historical Perspective - Chapter 1

Answer 1

Past -> Present -> Future

Question 2

Fact

Answer 2

a statement that is true and can be verified objectively or proven

Question 3

Opinion

Answer 3

a statement that holds an element of belief; it tells how someone feels

Question 4

Alternative Facts

Answer 4

arguments used to support claims that do not conform to objective reality

Question 5

Politics/Input

Answer 5

the authoritative allocation of value(s) in a society

Question 6

Polity/Process

Answer 6

the institutions that authoritatively allocate value(s)
in a society

Question 7

Policy/Output

Answer 7

the instruments (i.e. guidance, regulation legislation) used to allocate values in a society

Question 8

Democracy

Answer 8

rule by the people

Question 9

Authority

Answer 9

an individual or group is regarded as having the right to issue commands and the belief that those should be obeyed

Question 10

3 Types of Authority

Answer 10

traditional, charismatic, legal rational

Question 11

Legitimacy

Answer 11

belief by a large portion of a population that an individual or group should be the one to exercise authority

Question 12

Empirical Evidence

Answer 12

information gained by means of observation, experience, or experiments

Question 13

Ideology - Chapter 2

Answer 13

a system of beliefs that justify behavior

Question 14

First French Estate

Answer 14

clergy; smallest group

Question 15

Second French Estate

Answer 15

nobility; >2% of population

Question 16

Third French Estate

Answer 16

commoners; most of population

Question 17

Liberalism

Answer 17

individual rights, democracy, rule of law, people should be able to influence political outcomes

Question 18

Economic Theory (Adam Smith)

Answer 18

“The Wealth of Nations”; governments need Laissez faire, invisible hand regulates economy

Question 19

Communism

Answer 19

collective ownership, means of production, no private property

Question 20

Nationalism

Answer 20

a strong identification with one’s nation, often leading to a desire for political sovereignty

Question 21

Islamism

Question 22

Nation

Answer 22

a group of people with common ethnic, linguistic or cultural characteristics

Question 23

State

Answer 23

a legal entity with Population, Territory and Sovereignty

Question 24

Fascism

Answer 24

a political ideology characterized by dictatorial power, extreme nationalism, and suppression of individual freedoms

Question 25

Irredentism

Answer 25

territorial claim based on a national, ethnic, or historical basis

Question 26

Islam

Answer 26

surrender

Question 27

Muslim

Answer 27

one who surrenders

Question 28

3 Branches of Islam

Answer 28

sunni, shiite, sufi

Question 29

Jihad

Answer 29

to struggle

Question 30

Libertarianism

Answer 30

the emphasis is on personal and economic freedom with almost no restrictions on personal liberty

Question 31

Feminism

Answer 31

the argument that women are treated as second-class citizens because of assumptions about gender roles in society

Question 32

Environmentalism

Answer 32

the focus on sustainable development through regulation and reducing consumption

Question 33

Regime - Chapter 3

Answer 33

a system that establishes rules and cultural or social norms to regulate government institutions and their interactions with society

Question 34

Elitism

Answer 34

the assumption that a small group holds most power

Question 35

Pluralism

Answer 35

the assumption that power is spread among organized groups

Question 36

Authoritarian Regimes

Answer 36

controlling limited parts of society, restrictions on individual freedoms, small ruling group

Question 37

Totalitarianism Regime

Answer 37

all-encompassing ideology/control, uncontrollable elites

Question 38

Right-Wing Totalitarianism

Answer 38

stop revolution, preserve order, glorifies state

Question 39

Political Culture - Chapter 4

Answer 39

norms and values in a society as they relate to a particular political system

Question 40

Public Opinion

Answer 40

the immediate views of leaders and public policies

Question 41

Elite Subcultures

Answer 41

elites are far more likely to participate in politics than poor

Question 42

Mass/Mainstream Subcultures

Answer 42

less participation despite democratic ideals, leading to potential government responsiveness to a minority

Question 43

Minority Subcultures

Answer 43

when a group has strong enough differences from the mainstream culture

Question 44

Political Socialization

Answer 44

the transfer of political culture from one group of people to another

Question 45

4 Agents of Socialization

Answer 45

family, schools, peers, media

Question 46

Life Cycle Theory

Answer 46

opinions change with age; young = radical, older = conservative

Question 47

Generational Theory

Answer 47

generation's views shaped by important events witnessed

Question 48

Political Communication - Chapter 5

Answer 48

the creation of meaningful narratives that work to inform, persuade and call citizens to action

Question 49

3 Groups of Political Communication

Answer 49

political actors, media, audience

Question 50

Advocacy

Answer 50

influencing decision makers/institutions/civil society to create legislation & policies

Question 51

Advocacy Process

Answer 51

1. Assess 2. Plan 3. Execute 4. Implement Policy

Question 52

Setting

Answer 52

parameters deemed relevant to the legislation

Question 53

Characters

Answer 53

victims, villains, heroes

Question 54

Plot

Answer 54

structure that holds the setting, characters, and morals together

Question 55

Moral

Answer 55

desired result of the narrative

Question 56

Confirmation Bias

Answer 56

favoring information that supports previous beliefs

Question 57

Coverage Bias

Answer 57

the extent that certain issues are reported/discussed

Question 58

Concision Bias

Answer 58

selective information; no nuance

Question 59

Capitalism

Answer 59

economic system based on private/corporate ownership of means of production

Question 60

Socialism

Answer 60

economic system where production and distribution are owned by government

Question 61

Feudalism

Answer 61

Medieval Europe, feudal pyramid; nobility had lands, vassals served nobility, peasants (serfs/villeins) worked on lord's land

Question 62

Patriotism vs. Nationalism

Answer 62

pride from country's actions vs. pride regardless of actions, could lead to blind arrogance

Question 63

Constitution - Chapter 6

Answer 63

a legal document that empowers government and protects the rights of people

Question 64

Purpose of a Constitution

Answer 64

1. Who has power? 2. How much power? 3. Uses of power? 4. Limits of power?

Question 65

Judicial Review

Answer 65

ability of court to decide whether or not law is constitutional

Question 66

Judicial Activism

Answer 66

judge's willingness to override legislature by declaring statue unconstitutional

Question 67

Judicial Restraint

Answer 67

judge's unwillingness to overturn statues passed by legislatures

Question 68

Imperialism

Answer 68

where capital has pronounced importance that lead to mass division among capitalist powers