What is the definition of polysomnography
also called sleep study, it is a test used to diagnose sleep disorders
What is sleep apnea
repeated episodes of complete cessation of airflow for 10 sec or longer. Can be obstructed or central.
What is obstructive sleep apnea
most common type of sleep apnea and is caused by an obstruction of the upper airway
What is central sleep apnea
a disorder in which your breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.
Why does CSA occur
because your brain doesnt send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing
What is hypopnea
a significant decrease in breathing without complete cessation of airflow
How many stages are there in Non-REM sleep
there are 4 stages
What are the 2 stages of light sleep
stages 1 and 2
what are the 2 stages of deep sleep
stages 3 and 4
What stage has spindles
stage 2
What is REM sleep
Rapid eye movement
What is another name for REM sleep
dreaming sleep
What are the physiologic changes that occur during sleep
- decreased ventilation
- decreased ventilatory muscle tone
- changes in neurochemical reflexes
- decrease drive to breathe
- increased airway resistance
- decreased airway space
- decreased muscle tone/upper airways
What are symptoms of OSA
- excessive daytime sleepiness
- headaches (daytime)
- snoring
- thrashing in sleep
- moving, jerky leg motions while sleeping
What are other symptoms of OSA
- poor memory
- depression
- dry mouth
- mood changes
- impotent (men)
What are the 3 types of apnea
- obstructive
- central
- mixed
What is mixed
combination of central event and obstructive event
What are the components of PSG testing
- chest motion detectors
- EEG
- EOG
- ventilation (thermistors, flow detectors)
- EMG
- oximetry
- ECG
What happens with a positive test for obstructive apnea
- blockage of upper airway
- decreased airflow to < 90% of baseline w/ resp effort for >/= 10 sec
- Hypopnea–decreased airflow to 50-90% of baseline
What is sleep efficiency
amount of time asleep per EEG divided by total recording time
What is AHI
- apena hypopnea index
- AKA respiratory disturbance index (RDI)
- apnea + hypopnea
what is the arousal index
of arousals per hour
What is sleep latency
time from lights out to when the patient falls asleep.
what is the breathing pattern associated with sleep apnea
cheyne-stokes
