Population pyramid with a wide base and concave sides means
Short life expectancy and a growing population
A population pyramid with a wide base, straight sides but still in a pyramidal shape means
Higher life expectancy
A population pyramid with a smaller base and convex sides means
Long life expectancy
A population pyramid with a smaller base than subsequent age groups, and convex sides means
Even longer life expectancy, large proportion of population 65+ years
What is the local impact of forced migration in Syria?
Collapse of local economy
250,000 Syrians died over last 4 years
Villages destroyed
3 million children not been to school in 2 years
What is the regional and global impact of forced migration in Syria?
Unstable governments may fear terrorism
Political impact - affected Western relationship with Arab world and Russia and China
Neighbouring countries can’t deal with pressure of refugees
What is a census
A mandatory questionnaire which collects information about people in households
How else can demographic data be collected other than the census?
Civil registration
What problems are there in collecting census date for a MEDC e.g. UK?
Can miss out homeless people
Migrants and illegal immigrants may be nervous about answering questions
Expensive
3 facts about the Indian census data
- 1.5 billion have no toilet
- From 2001-2007 population has increased by 7%
- Literacy - men (82%), women (74%)
Why does the UK have an ageing population?
Population pyramid turned upside down
Fewer children - fewer people having them
Increased life expectancy
What is the dependency ratio and how is it calculated
% under 15 + % over 64 / % working age x 100
In 2013 there were ____ non British nationals resident in Scotland
266,000
When did Poland join the European Union
2004
A key principle of European Union membership is
freedom to live and work in any other EU country
Since 2004 the Polish population in Scotland has grown from
2,700 to over 80,000
Pull factors for migrants
- The ease of migration to the UK, with unlimited migration
- Positive currency exchange rate meant that sterling conversion into zloty was very favourable
- There were plenty of available jobs with decent wages in parts of the economy that appeared to have a shortage
Push factors for migrants
- In 2004 unemployment in Poland was 20%
- Wages were about a third that of Scotland
- An acute shortage of housing meant that many young couples had to live with their parents
Human consequences and impact of Polish migration to Scotland
Migrant Poles tend to be younger and have a higher birth rate than indigenous Scots
Young, dynamic Polish families bring new life to communities
Political consequences and impact of Polish migration to Scotland
Politician and newspapers were concerned about the influx, fears that the country may be ‘overrun’
Economic consequences and impact of Polish migration to Scotland
Fewer young, educated and dynamic workers and less tax
Poles’ send money back (multiplier effect)
Most Poles in Scotland have a strong and positive influence on Scottish society as have a positive work ethic
Social and cultural consequences and impacts of Polish migration to Scotland
Migrants in general bring enrichment to the culture of the destination country whether it be music, dress, food, language.
Uses of the demographic transition model (5)
- Universal in concept - can be applied to all countries in the world
- Provides a starting point for the study of demographic change over time
- Enables comparisons to be made demographically between countries
- Timescales are flexible
- Easy to understand
Limitations of the demographic transition model (6)
- Original model did not include fifth stage
- Some NIC’s such as Singapore moved more rapidly through model
- As a result of HIV/AIDS some African countries have slipped back to stage one
- Eurocentric and assumes all countries will develop
- Does not include the role of governments
- Does not include impact of migration
