space/area a species is found, usually shown on maps
geographic range
natural environment of an animal/plant/organism
habitat
number of individual organisms in a population
population size Nt
measurement of population per unit land area
population density
crude is # of ind per unit of total space, ecological is # of ind per unit of habitat space
diff btwn crude + ecological density
small groups, uneven distribution of nutrients or resources
clumped dispersion
no pattern, even distribution of resources
random dispersion
clear regular pattern, interaction btwn ind e.g. competition + territoriality
uniform dispersion
quadrat sampling