1
Q
How data on the population is collected;
A
- census
- civil registration: births, deaths, marriages must be recorded under scots law.
- Home Office’s UK boarder agency: records immigration and emigration
- sponsored sample surveys of population and social trends
- National, trans-national and global surveys
2
Q
Why is population data collected?
A
to draw conclusions on:
maternity care
nursery, primary & secondary education
higher education
employment, housing & transportation
pensions
geriatric health care & sheltered housing
3
Q
Problems when undergoing a census:
A
- immigration: people will not want to fill out a census as they will be discovered and deported; estimated over 7 million illegal immigrants have avoided these in the USA’s data collection.
- under-registration: status of women is low and they may go uncounted; In china, female babies go unregistered.
- Cost: expensive and time consuming; large amount of highly trained enumerators are needed; the 2011 UK census cost over £500 million as additional enumerators were needed; many developing countries will not be able to afford this
- Adult literacy: Large number of the population in developing countries are uneducated so are unable to read or write; Sierra Leone has an adult literacy rate of 35%.
- Rural-Urban migration: hard to keep track of people moving within the country, 2000 people have moved from rural areas to Mumbai everyday.
- Human error: misinterpret questions or may fail to fill in areas of the census; inaccurate
4
Q
Why birth and fertility rates increase:
A
- children can be used to care for parents as they get older and as a form of family insurance; women have lower status for opportunities for education - Afghanistan
- social pressure: children seen as indicator or virility and as a status symbol; mexico
- High infant mortality or high death rates
- lack of access to contraception
- religion: contraception is frowned upon
5
Q
consequences of a high proportion of under 15’s and few economically active
A
- pressure on education
- low literacy levels
- few skilled workers
- poor health care
- common diseases
- low work output
- lack of money and therefore services in society
6
Q
Consequences of a decline in death rates:
A
- population explosion
- food shortages
- increasing pressure on services due to population growth
7
Q
Push factors (Poland to Britain):
A
- polish wages: low in comparison to the UK and an average polish salary comes to little more than £635 a month, compared with almost £2000 in Britain
8
Q
Pull factors (Poland to Britain)
A
- Britain, the EU and Migration: membership for the EU allowed for free movement to other EU countries without visas. UK don’t limit the number of migrants
- employment opportunities and standards of living: British labour shortages in certain sectors such as construction, farming and factory work which don’t require many language skills; employment is high; GDP is higher in the UK
9
Q
Positive points of Migration impacting Poland
A
- money can be sent home and used to support families and invest
- wages in Poland rise to encourage people back, but then drop when they return
10
Q
Negative points of migration impacting poland
A
- many were educated people that left, more then 10% of polish doctors have left
11
Q
Migration to Britain (positive)
A
- labour shortages have been filled in farming, industrial and service section
- polish people are hard working and reliable
- few claim benefits (99% work)
- migrants contribute £300million in taxes every year
- new shops/ businesses open
12
Q
Migration to Britain (negative)
A
- most don’t integrate, as they don’t plan on staying for more than 4 years
- overcrowded houses: migrants share to save money but leads to problems with neighbours
- language in school, don’t understand English so find it hard to contribute in school tasks
13
Q
3 types of forced migration
A
- conflict induced displacement - civil war
- development induced displacement - roads
- natural disaster induced displacement - floods
14
Q
Forced migration (Syria to Lebanon) - advantages
A
- cultural diversity: globalisation
- landlords and landowners made significant profits from selling or renting land/properties
- creation of job opportunities
- local businesses benefited from the arrival of a supply of cheap labour
15
Q
forced migration (Syria to Lebanon) - disadvantages
A
- crime/insecurity such as prostitution and stealing
- sharing of key resources: water and electricity
- overcrowding; 100% increase in population in same towns in the Bekaa Valley and the north
- strain on health and education, leading to epidemics such as scabies during the hot summer months
16
Q
Push factors in Syria
A
- unrest
- civil war
- mass arrests
- violence
- persecution
- fear for lives
17
Q
Pull factors of Lebanon
A
- cultural hub
- safer environment
- access to health and education systems
- strong economic growth
Higher Geography
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