Overpopulation
a world problem that includes overcrowding and results in issues.
What is the cause of overpopulation?
lack of education, increased conflicts, decrease in mortality, immigration, medical advancements, advanced fertility treatments, agricultural advancements.
Immigration
the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country
Population
all the inhabitants in a certain place, area, or country
Demographics/Demographers
a person who studies or/ the statistical theory of human populations.
Heavily populated regions of the world
United States, Brazil, Asia, and Indonesia
Top-3 most-populated countries of the world
China, India, United States
Ecumene
the portion of the earth with permanent human settlement, has expanded to cover most of the world’s land area.
(NIR) Natural increase rate
the percentage by which a population grows in a year
Crude Birth Rate
total number of live births per year
Crude Death Rate
total number of deaths per year
(IMR) Infant mortality rate
number of infant deaths every 1,000 live births per year
Demographic Transition model - Stage 1
(pre-industrial age) high birth and death rate, increased disease, minimal medical care, and poor sanitization, limited food supplies
Demographic Transition model - Stage 2
agricultural farming, no technology, more stable food source, sharp increase in population, death rates decline sharply, (most African countries)
Demographic Transition model - Stage 3
Industrial farming, children don’t work but that means more women work, total fertility rate goes down. Birth and death rates drop.
Demographic Transition model - Stage 4
tertiary/ service based societies, birth and death rate equal, zero population growth, fewer children because more control in fertility choices.
Population pyramid
the percentage of the population in each age group and distribution of males and females.
Sex Ratio
males to females
Thomas Malthus
He was an English demographer/economist who made a prediction/theory
What did he predict? Did it come true?
predicted population would grow faster than food production. He was wrong because food production grew faster
Epidemiology
the study of how diseases affect each groups of people and why especially in the demographic transitions (stages 1-4
AIDS
most recent lethal disease
What caused the Black plague?
It was spread by fleas infecting rats which got in the food and water. It killed many people at a high rate.
