3 components of positive schooling
- Ways to promote positive schooling (6)
Care, trust, respect for diversity
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- Authoritative teaching; Consistent caring, responsiveness, social acceptance from teachers
- Developmental discipline instead of punitive for students w/ insecure attachment
- Cultivate sense of trust in classroom by avoiding cynicism
- Emphasize diversity, cultural sensitivity, empathy (ex: thru jigsaw classroom, everyone in groups and each group member responsible for learning part and teaching others)
- Teachers should examine biases and reduce unfairness in classroom
- Programs for struggling and gifted students
Ways to improve:
Goals (content) (5)
Motivation (plus enlivening the course contents for students) (4)
- Best when agreed upon by teachers and students
- Stretch goals for students
- Material should be relevant
- Goals are understandable and concrete
- Can break up larger goals into subgoals
— - Increase student motivation thru narrative and making material relevant to students’ lives
- Teachers must be motivated and have self-efficacy (enthusiastic and sensitive)
- Raise motivational level w/ risks
- Private praise
When learning expands to increase student’s sense of empowerment, it fosters what and encourages what?
Fosters hopeful thinking
Encourages a continuation of learning outside the classroom
Gainful employment part 1:
- Aspects that contribute to performing well and meeting goals (3)
- Work as a source of purpose in life (Task identity and significance)
- What do engagement and involvement lead to? (2)
- What happens if there’s no variety in job duties? (presenteeism)
Performing well and meeting goals:
- Career self-efficacy
- Clear goals
- Happiness
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Work as source of purpose in life:
- Sense that one’s providing needed products/services to others (Task identity)
- Feeling that one is making contribution to others/society (Task significance)
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Engagement and involvement:
- Flow exps
- Positive affect, which leads to commitment
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Variety in job duties:
- Presenteeism: Physically present at work but unproductive and unhappy due to mental health problems stemming from aversive/repetitive work
Gainful employment part 2:
- What does companionship and loyalty to coworkers and bosses lead to? (2)
- Why is a safe and healthy work environment important?
- What are ways to encourage diversity in workplace? (3)
Companionship and loyalty:
- Sense of community
- Increased achievement and productivity
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Safe and healthy work environment:
- If you keep workers physically safe, it leads to better physical health in other domains of life
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Respect and appreciation for diversity:
- Viewing diversity as a broad multifaceted concept
- Keep communication lines open
- Make sure diversity is emphasized in mission statements and goals
Burnout
- Unemployment leads to what? (2)
Tired, lack of reward from job (can be cyclical)
- Linked to lower well-being and increased risk of death/suicide
Strengths-based approach to work:
- 3 stages
- Proof of it working (3)
- Identification of talents
- Integration of talents into employee’s self-image
- Behavioural change
— - Related to better choices, productivity, self-confidence
- Happiness strengths predict work success
- Positive affect
How to make jobs better (4)
- Identify changes that could be made
- Job crafting (employees take active role in initiating physical/cognitive changes to way they approach their work)
- Gainful employment aspects
- Maximize fulfillment of needs
Job vs Career vs Calling
- Which one leads to highest well-being?
Job: Work that allows you to make important things in life possible
Career: Work that allows for advancement and is personally meaningful
Calling: Work that is inseparable from who you are as a person
* Calling associated w/ highest well-being
Public policy
Means by which government maintains order or addresses needs of its citizens thru actions defined by its constitution and legislature
Quality of life
- Economic indicators
General well-being of an individual or group (Standard of health, comfort, and happiness experienced by an individual/group)
- Generation of economic wealth (as measured by of quality of life)
Model of economic behaviour and well-being
- Model (4)
- Assumes what? (4)
- What are the other problems w/ economics & monetary indicators of quality of life? (3)
Work -> Income -> Options -> Well-being
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- Well-being is equal to preference realization (More choice doesn’t always increase well-being)
- Main aspect of work is income (Overworking and other costs may negatively impact well-being)
- Income increases options (Yes, but there needs to be a market for what increases your well-being; doesn’t increase for everyone equally either)
- More options increases well-being
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- Monetary value can’t be assigned to things like religion/spirituality, good social relationships, helping others, etc.
- Can’t account of gray- and black-market goods
- Money alone only accounts for small amount of variance in subjective well-being (because of habituation and diminishing marginal utility; only boost in happiness when you have little money and get a lot of money)
Social indicators (key national indicators or quality-of-life indicators)
- Problems (2)
- Suggestions for better measure of quality of life (2)
Assess societal circumstances that are important for making better lives for citizens
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- Indicators will differ depending on nation bcuz cultural values will differ
- The ppl who decide indicators may not represent everyone in society
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- Combine economic and social indicators of quality of life
- Shift focus toward direct monitoring and promotion of well-being
