folding
2,3,4 prime folding
addition
ligation of other biomolecules onto a peptide.
ex: phosphorylation (activating or deactivating), carboxylation (create Ca binding site), glycosylation (determine expoort destination), prenylation (add lipids to membrane-bound enzymes)
cleavage
hydrolysis of large peptide into smaller pieces can reveal biologically acitve proteins within the peptide.