postnatal development

Question 1

9 developmental stages

Answer 1

1- prenatal
2- infancy and toddlerhood
3- early childhood
4- middle childhood
5- adolescence
6-late adulthood
7- death and dying

Question 2

Age stage terminology for
1- prenatal
2-infancy
3- toddler
4- early childhood

Answer 2

1- embryonic stage: conception to 8wks
fetal stage: 8 wks to birth
2- neonatal: birth to 22days
birth to onset of walking
3- 1-4y/o
4- infancy to 7 y/o

Question 3

Developmental directions

Answer 3

• cephalocaudally (head to feet)
• proximaldistal

Question 4

Motor dev characteristics

Answer 4

• in a predictable sequence
• at a variable rate
• as a continuous process
• from simple to complex
• from general to specific

Question 5

sensory and motor dev by age 1

Answer 5

• mouthing (exploring objects)
• pull up ta a stand
• cruise (walking with help)
• grasping (pincer grip)

Question 6

physical dev by age 1

Answer 6

• grown taller
• gotten heavier (x3 birth weight)
• big heads
• few teeth

Question 7

Hourglass: model of motor dev

Answer 7

4 mvt phases that impact our lifelong daily living utilization, lifelong recreational utilization and life long competitive utilization

Question 8

4 mvt phases of the hourglass model

Answer 8

1- reflexive mvt
2- rudimentary mvt
3- fundamental mvt
4- specialized mvt

Question 9

Mountain of motor dev

Answer 9

non linear concept
braver les echelon de lapprentissage
unique to everyone

Question 10

stages of the mountain of motor dev

Answer 10

-reflexive
- preadapted
- fundamental
- context specific
- skillful

Question 11

classification of the motor aspect of movement and motor skills

Answer 11

• gross skills
• fine skills

Question 12

classification of the environmental aspect of movement and motor skills

Answer 12

• Open KC
• closed KC

Question 13

classification of the temporal aspect of movement and motor skills

Answer 13

• discreet
• serial
• continuous

Question 14

classification of the functional aspect of movement and motor skills

Answer 14

• stability (static and dynamic body balance)
• locomotor
  ( body transportation)
• manipulative
  ( imparting force on or receiving force from an object)

Question 15

Phases of mvt/ Motor dev

Answer 15

1- reflexive
involuntary sub cortically controlled mvt in utero and early infancy
2- RUDIMENTARY
mvt of infancy influences by maturation
3- FUNDAMENTAL
basic mvt skills of childhood

Question 16

fundamental mvt dev stages

Answer 16

1- INITIAL STAGE
- walking with short steps
2- ELEMENTARY STAGE
- walking heel to toe
3- MATURE STAGE
- reflexive arm swing

• from low to high quality mvt)

Question 17

GROSS motor skills

Answer 17

• skills using the large muscle groups
• used in locomotion

Question 18

Predictable sequence of activities

Answer 18

roll over -> crawl -> walk
sit up ->stand -> run

Question 19

landmarks of dev hand control

Answer 19

At birth: grasping reflexive
3Months: grasping becomes voluntary
9-12 months: pincer grasp

Question 20

Phases of mvt for stability

Answer 20

Reflexive: labyrinthine, body righting
Rudimentary: control of head and neck
unsupported sitting/standing
FUNDAMENTAL
- balancing on one foot

Question 21

Phases of mvt for locomotion

Answer 21

REFLEXIVE:
-crawling reflex
-primary stepping reflex
RUDIMENTARY
-crawling
-upright gait
FUNDAMENTAL
- walking, running, jumping

Question 22

Phases of mvt for manipulation

Answer 22

REFLEXIVE
- palmar grasp
- pull up
RUDIMENTARY
- reaching, grasping, releasing
FUNDAMENTAL
- throwing
- catching
- kicking

Question 23

definition: Plasticity

Answer 23

the degree to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable due to experience

Question 24

Piagets theory of stages of cognitive dev

Answer 24

birth - 2y/o: Sensorimotor
2-6/7y/0: preoperational
7-11:concrete operational
12+: formal operational

Question 25

3 basic aspects of memory

Answer 25

ENCODING: info is recorded into a form usable for memories STORAGE: placement of information into memory RETRIEVAL: how info is retrieved from memories

Question 26

Bayley scales of infant development

Answer 26

(2-42months) - Mental scale - Motor scale - behaviour scale

Question 27

Erik erirksons stages of psychosocial dev

Answer 27

INFANCY: trust vs mistrust EARLY CHILDHOOD: autonomy vs shame and doubt PRESCOOL: initiative vs guilt SCHOOL AGE: Industry vs inferiority ADOLESCENT*: identity vs isolation YOUNG ADULTHOOD: intimacy vs isolation MIDDLE ADULTHOOD: generatively vs stagnation MATURITY: ego integrity vs despair

Question 28

imp events + outcome of trust vs mistrust

Answer 28

event: feeling outcome: hope

Question 29

Imp events + outcome of autonomy vs shame and doubt

Answer 29

events: toilet training outcome: will

Question 30

Imp events + outcome of industry vs inferiority

Answer 30

event: school outcome: confidence (fail = feel not good enough)

Question 31

Imp events + outcome of intimacy vs isolation

Answer 31

event: relationship outcome: love (can be impacted by previous stages)

Question 32

Imp events + outcome of generatively vs stagnation

Answer 32

event: work and parenthood outcome: care fail: midlife crisis

Question 33

Imp events + outcome of ego integrity vs despair

Answer 33

event : reflect on life outcome wisdom

Question 34

havighurts three sources for developmental tasks

Answer 34

1- physical maturation learning to walk, control of bowel, behaving 2- Personal values - choosing occupation, figuring out outlook on life 3- Pressure of society - learning to read, responsible citizen