Static postural control
- Static base of support
- Static individual
Dynamic postural control
- Individual moving on a static BOS
- BOS is moving while the individual is static
- sway = moving on a static surface
4 stages of postural control
1) static steady
2) dynamic steady state
3) proactive (anticipatory)
4) reactive
Static steady
- Sitting or standing
- Can be measured by normal/good/fair/poor
Dynamic steady state
Steady position while walking
Proactive (anticipatory balance)
- Anticipatory (preparation for predicted change in balance)
- Ex. reaching for something the cerebellum has already incoded
- cognitive
- Is learned/ needs alot of practice
Reactive balance
- Responding to a push, trip (unexpected perturbation)
- Is learned / needs a lot of practice
task to test dynamic posture
sway
task to test proactive
walking
task to test reative
pertibation
elements of postural control
- biomechanical alignement
- sensory feedback
- motor activation
sensory aspects of postural control
- somatosensory
- vestibular
- vision
Merkels cells
light touch
Pacinian corpuscles
fine touch details
Ruffini endings
stretch and movement
sensory for postural control: vision
- Inputs are an important source of info for a steady state postural control
- Humans initially learn to obtain posture with feedback from our visual system
- Is our steering system and assets more then maneuvering around people or objects
sensory for postural control: vestibular
- Provides CNS with the information about head position and movement in respect to gravity
- Should have pts do quick sit to stands
MS purpose in postural control
awareness of movement (speed and length)
GTO purpose in postural control
Force or heaviness in objectives or creation of force
joint capsule/joint receptors
similar to skin: information regarding joint movement
All sensory systems integrate together to provide feedback to keep upright and in alignment
- PNS: Sensorimotor control integration (integrated system for posture
- CNS: Takes info form the sensorimotor cortex and the c spine
Posture relies on the sensory systems to receive information from the periphery (vision, vestibular, tactile, and proprioceptive) and produces and automatic motor response based on
- Direction of change
- Force
- Postural position
muscular responses in postural control need to be
- organized
- On time
- Spatially organized for muscle firing
- Correct force
