Postural Development

Question 1

Pediatric PT

Answer 1

neonatal to early adulthood

Question 2

Infancy catagory

Answer 2

Birth to 1 year

Question 3

Neonatal age

Answer 3

Birth to 2 weeks of age

Question 4

Infant age

Answer 4

3 weeks to 12 months of age

Question 5

Toddlerhood catagory

Answer 5

13 months to 2 yr/11mon

Question 6

Preschool (early childhood)

Answer 6

3 to 5 years

Question 7

Elementary School (early childhood)

Answer 7

5 to 10 yr/11 months

Question 8

Adolescence catagory

Answer 8

11 to 18 years

Question 9

Young adulthood

Answer 9

18 to 22/25 years

Question 10

Adulthood

Answer 10

22 to 40 years

Question 11

Middle Age

Answer 11

40 to 65 years

Question 12

Late adulthood

Answer 12

> 65 years

Question 13

Advanced Maternal Age (AMA)

Answer 13

Pregnancy where mother is older than 35

Question 14

Infancy (developmental theory)

Answer 14

trust vs mistrust
0-1
hope -> appreciation of interdependence and relatedness

Question 15

Early Childhood (developmental theory)

Answer 15

autonomy vs shame and doubt
1-3
will -> acceptance of life cycle

Question 16

Play age/preschool (developmental theory)

Answer 16

initiative vs guilt
3-6
purpose -> humor, empathy, resilience

Question 17

School Age (developmental theory)

Answer 17

industry vs inferiority
6-12
Competence -> humility, acceptance of one’s life

Question 18

Adolescence (developmental theory)

Answer 18

identity vs role confusion
12-19
Fidelity -> sense of complexity of life, merging of sensor, logical perception

Question 19

Young Adulthood (developmental theory)

Answer 19

intimacy vs isolation
20-25
Love -> loving freely

Question 20

Middle adulthood (developmental theory)

Answer 20

generativity vs stagnation
26-64
care -> empathy, concern for others

Question 21

Maturity/old age (developmental theory)

Answer 21

ego integrity vs despair
65 - death
wisdom -> existential identity

Question 22

involves controlling the body’s position in space for the dual purpose of stability and orientation

Answer 22

postural control

Question 23

the ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between the body segments and the environment for a task

Answer 23

postural orientation

Question 24

the ability to control the center of mass in relationship to the base of support

Answer 24

postural stability

Question 25

Center of mass

Answer 25

a point that is at the center of the total body mass (It can change!) in adult: anterior to S2 in upright in child: T12 (HIGHER!)

Question 26

the vertical projection of the COM; depends on distribution of weight in body

Answer 26

Center of gravity

Question 27

the center of distribution of the total force applied to the supporting surface

Answer 27

Center of pressure

Question 28

area of body in contact with support surface (2 feet on ground hip width is best)

Answer 28

Base of support

Question 29

small amount of spontaneous postural sway as the body moves continuously within its BOS

Answer 29

Quiet stance

Question 30

The force to which muscle resists being lengthened (stiffened)

Answer 30

Muscle tone *hypertonic vs flaccid

Question 31

vertical line of gravity

Answer 31

mastoid, anterior shoulder, hip joint, anterior to knee joint, anterior to ankle joint

Question 32

When we stand upright, antigravity muscle counteract gravity

Answer 32

Postural tone *sensory inputs

Question 33

ability to maintain the projected COM within BOS limits - changes with surface, muscle strength to maintain balance etc.

Answer 33

Limits of stability

Question 34

the ability to control the COM relative to the BOS in fairly predictable and nonchanging conditions (i.e. sitting, standing quietly

Answer 34

Steady-stat control

Question 35

occurs in response to outside forces, such as perturbations, displacing the COG or moving the BOS (i.e. being bumped in a crowd)

Answer 35

Reactive control FEEDBACK

Question 36

occurs in anticipation of internally generated, destabilizing forces, such as the intent to move (i.e. stepping onto a curb

Answer 36

Proactive or anticipatory control FEEDFORWARD

Question 37

Postural movement line of defense

Answer 37

Ankle, hip, stepping, reach

Question 38

Lordosis curves

Answer 38

cervical and lumbar

Question 39

Kyphosis curves

Answer 39

Thoracic sacral

Question 40

Newborn to 2 months motor

Answer 40

-> automatic reflex walking when inclined forward -> accepts weight for 20-30 seconds

Question 41

Asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR)

Answer 41

"fencing stance" if not developed, child can have DCD later on 0-6 months

Question 42

Tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR)

Answer 42

Neck and limb extension and flexion 4-6 months

Question 43

Prop sitting

Answer 43

5 months (using hands to sit)

Question 44

Independent sitting

Answer 44

6 months, baby can sit without using hands

Question 45

Upper extremity parachute

Answer 45

6-7 months prone suspension, head first and arms extend out

Question 46

posterior protective extension

Answer 46

extend backward to recover balance 9 months

Question 47

Prenatal

Answer 47

(25-27 wks)

Question 48

Predominant posture at birth

Answer 48

flexion

Question 49

Progressing to asymmetry and lift head in prone

Answer 49

2 months

Question 50

Midline orientation

Answer 50

3 months

Question 51

Head held upright, independent with sitting

Answer 51

4-6 months

Question 52

Belling crawling, creeping, improved body weight shifting

Answer 52

7-9 months

Question 53

Cruising, standing with wide BOS and arms out

Answer 53

10-12 months

Question 54

Mature gait

Answer 54

7 years

Question 55

Mature stability

Answer 55

12 years

Question 56

Peak of control of transitional movements

Answer 56

15 years

Question 57

T or F: In terms of Stance Control, 4-6 year old's generally have a larger sway and have little reliance on vestibular system and relay more on somatosensory system

Answer 57

T

Question 58

T or F: Children ages 3yrs. to 5 yrs fall into the Elementary School stage of Development

Answer 58

F; this is preschool age