Poultry

Question 1

Infectious laryngotracheitis

Answer 1

• acute, highly contagious , herpes virus characterized by severe dyspnea, coughing, and rales
• high morbidity
• recovered becomes carriers ( most important vector )
• adults should be vaccinated immediately in outbreak

Question 2

Infectious laryngotracheitis

agent

Answer 2

alpha herpes virus

Question 3

Infectious laryngotracheitis

highly suggestive finding

Answer 3

• hemorrhagic expectorations

Question 4

Infectious laryngotracheitis

Dx

Answer 4

• real time PCR

- histopath

Question 5

Infectious laryngotracheitis (necropsy)

Answer 5

• caseous exudate and blood in trachea

Question 6

Infectious laryngotracheitis (definitive dx)

Answer 6

intraNUCLEAR inclusion bodies in tracheal epithelium

Question 7

ddx (Infectious laryngotracheitis)

Answer 7

diphtheritic form of fowlpox

Question 8

Infectious bronchitis

agent

Answer 8

corona virus

Question 9

Infectious bronchitis

clinical presentation

Answer 9

• highly contagious ( via aerosol / ingestion )
• cough, sneeze, facial swelling
• mucoid exudate in bronchi, thickened air sacs +/- interstitial nephritis

Question 10

Infectious bronchitis

(ddx)* clinically indistinguishable from

Answer 10

• Newcastle disease
• infectious laryngotracheitis
• infectious coryza

Question 11

Infectious bronchitis 
( def dx )

Answer 11

viral isolation after 3-5 serial passages in chick embryo

Question 12

Fowlpox (diphtheritic form)

agent

Answer 12

fowl pox virus

chicken and turkey

Question 13

Fowlpox (diphtheritic form)

Answer 13

• In the diphtheritic form, which affects the upper GI and respiratory tracts, lesions occur from the mouth to the esophagus and on the trachea.
• lesions develop on the mucous membranes of the mouth, esophagus, pharynx, larynx, and trachea (wetpox or fowl diphtheria).

Question 14

Fowlpox (diphtheritic form)

transmission

Answer 14

• contact through abrasions of the skin
• aerosol
• mosquitos and other biting insect vectors

Question 15

fowlpox ( cutaneous form )

characterized by

Answer 15

characterized by nodular lesions on various parts of the unfeathered skin of chickens and on the head and upper neck of turkeys

Question 16

Fowlpox (def dx)

Answer 16

• affected tissues stained with H&E reveals eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies.
• ** EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIC intraCYTOPLASMIC INCLUSION BODIES ( BOLLINGER BODIES )

Question 17

Avian chlamydiosis

Def dx

Answer 17

• liver with LARGE, GRANULAR BASOPHILIC intraCYTOPLASMIC INCLUSIONS

Question 18

Fowl Cholera (agent)

Answer 18

Pasteurella multocida

Question 19

Fowl Cholera (dx)

Answer 19

gram negative bacteria in blood or tissues (pasteurella multocida)

Question 20

Why can’t chickens be housed with turkeys

Answer 20

• Turkeys become clinical from a disease, while chickens are not
• protozoa = Histomonas meleagridis
• parasite within the protozoa =
  Heterakis gallinarum
• rounded necrotic lesions of the liver and marked inflammatory changes

Question 21

Knemidocoptes mutans

Answer 21

• “ scaly leg mite” (chickens, pheasants, pigeons)
• lesions primarily on legs and unfeathered parts —-> progress to appear thickened and encrusted
  
  • irritation —> feather picking
  • • short legged, round, up to 0.5 mm in diameter ( adult females)
  • back yard flock with thickened, encrusted skin on the legs—> found mite on scrape
• • adult female without suckers
• • adult male with suckers

Question 22

Knemidocoptes mutans 
(tx)

Answer 22

ivermectin

Question 23

Dermanyssus gallinae

Answer 23

“ Red Mite “

- nocturnal feeders
- ** severe infestation —> anemia and decreased reproductive potential 

tx - insecticides

Question 24

Laminosioptes cysticola

Answer 24

• “ SQ mite”

- 1-3 mm nodular SQ lesions

Question 25

Ornithonyssus sylvarium

Answer 25

- “northern fowl mite” | - feathered region around the vent affected

Question 26

Trombicula alfreddugesi

Answer 26

- “common chigger of birds” - attach to wings, breasts, neck ( poultry ) - heavy infestation —> weakness, anorexia, death