What is the dominant second messenger system of:
- ACTH?
- GH?
- PRL?
- LH?
- FHS?
- TSH?
- cAMP
- STAT
- STAT
- cAMP
- cAMP
- cAMP
What are the two forms of GH?
Major 22 kDa, Minor 20 kDa – may be subtle differences in the levels of bioactivity and glycosylation
What is human GH used to treat? How many cadavers are req’d?
pituitary dwarfism - 6000 cadavers
What is Jacob Kreutzfeld disease?
problems with prion contamination
What are the two direct actions of GH?
- Mobilization of energy (anti-insulin like effects)
2. Promotion of cell differentiation
What is one indirect action of GH?
Promotion of growth and endocrine effects – Induction of IGF-I that promotes cell division and has insulin-like effects
What are direct effects of GH?
- Reduced glucose transport and metabolism - reduction in insulin receptors (ex. liver)
- Increase AA transport - into muscle, liver, adipose cells
- increase protein synthesis - increases in both transcription and translation (ex. in liver leading to mitosis)
- Increased IGF production - from the liver and other cells (pituitary and fibroblasts where it acts locally)
- Increased fibroblast differentiation (chondrocyte, osteoblast & adiposity formation)
What is an indirect effect of GH?
Promotion of growth endocrine effects - Via IGFs: bone, soft tissue, gonads and viscera; clonal expansion of chondrocytes
IGF-I & IGF-II: GH dependent or GH independent?
- GH dependent
2. GH independent
What is IGF-I produced by? What is it released into and how does it act?
Liver - released into the blood stream and acts in an endocrine fashion
