ppqs

Question 1

Describe the events that happen after acrosome reaction

Answer 1

fusion of sperm cell membrane with egg cell membrane, then fusion of the sperm and egg nuclei

cortical granules release contents into the zona pellucida

The content of the cortical granules reacts with the zona pellucida

The zona pellucida hardens

Question 2

how does the CFTR protein ensure mucus produced in the lungs is the correct consistency

Answer 2

Chloride ions leave cells through the CFTR protein

Sodium ions leave cells following chloride ions

increasing the chloride concentration in the mucus

Water moves into the mucus by osmosis

Question 3

what is an antibiotic that stops bacterial division called

Answer 3

bacterialstatic

Question 4

What is an antibiotic that stops bacterial life

Answer 4

bacterialcidal

Question 5

Where do the light-independent reactions take place

Answer 5

stroma

Question 6

What is the structure of collagen

Answer 6

repeating amino acid sequence forming a polypeptide chain

3 poly peptide chains

chains coiled around eachother

cross-linking between chains

Question 7

What is the function of collagen in the blood-gas barrier

Answer 7

to provide strength and flexibility

hold the walls of the capillaries and alveoli close together

Question 8

What is maltose made of

Answer 8

2 glucose molecules

Question 9

What is sucrose made out of

Answer 9

glucose and fructose

Question 10

What monosaccharide is starch made from

Answer 10

alpha glucose

Question 11

Describe the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis

Answer 11

photolysis H2O splits into hydrogen ions, oxygen and electrons

Light energy is used to excite electrons in chlorophyll

Electrons are used in the electron transport chain

generation of ATP

reduction of NADP

Question 12

How does CO2 in the air end up in the ocean

Answer 12

CO2 dissolves in the ocean

for the light-independent reaction

during the photosynthesis of seaweeds

Question 13

What happens in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis

Answer 13

In the stroma, CO₂ is fixed to RuBP by RuBisCO,

forming an unstable 6-carbon compound that splits into two GP molecules.

GP is reduced to GALP using ATP and reduced NADP.

Some GALP is used to regenerate RuBP using ATP

Some GALP is used to make glucose.

Question 14

what is granum

Answer 14

stacks of thylakoids

Question 15

explain the relationship between the structure and functions of grunum in photosynthesis

Answer 15

grunum is formed from many layers of thylakoid membranes to increase the surface area for absorbing light

Thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll to absorb light

electron carrier molecules in the thylakoid membrane involved in ATP production

Question 16

what are the functions and name of the membranes in the electron transport chain.

Answer 16

thylakoid membranes

electron transport

movement of hydrogen ions accros thylakoid membranes

ATP production

Question 17

what is the role of RUBISCO in the production of GALP in the light-independent reaction

Answer 17

RuBISCO is a catalyst in the Calvin cycle

involved in carbon fixation

and bonding RUBP to CO2

to form GP which is converted to GALP

Question 18

How are membranes in the chloroplast involved in photosynthesis

Answer 18

site of light-dependent reactions

Thylakoid membranes allow the accumulation of H+ ions

ATP production takes place due to the presence of ATP synthase