1
Q
- Definitions of directives in EU
A
- bind member states to the objectives to be achieved, while leaving national authorities the power to choose the form and means to be used
2
Q
- Duties (powers) of European Parliament
A
- Legislative: consultation, cooperation, co-decision, Parliaments assent
- Power over budget
- Supervision of executive
3
Q
- Animal welfare rules for surgical intervention of piglets
A
- tail docking: not routinely - only when evidence of injury
- teeth clipping: within 7 days of birth
- castration / tail docking after 7 days: under anesthesia and prolonged analgesia performed by vet.
4
Q
- Duties (work) of European Commission
A
- Proposes new legislation
- Executive organ
- Guardian of the treaties
- Represents the EU on the international stage
5
Q
- Definition of cruelty to animals in criminal law
A
- Any person that engages in unjustified abuse or mistreatment of vertebrate animals resulting in permanent damage to animals’ health or animals’ destruction
- or who abandons, disposes or expels a domesticated vertebrate or dangerous animals –> misdemeanor
- penalty for felony is higher if criminal offence is carried out to cause undue suffering to animals or result in permanent damage to several animals or destruction of more than one animal
6
Q
- Definition of a long journey
A
- journey that exceeds 8 hours starting from when the first animal of the consignment is moved
7
Q
- Definition of regulation in EU
A
are directly applied without the need for national measures to implement them
8
Q
- The 3 Rs
A
- reduction in number of animals
- refinement of experimental methods
- replacement of animals with non-animal techniques
9
Q
- Killing methods
A
- free bullet pistol or rifle
- electrocution
- exposure to CO2
- other approved method (decapitation, dislocation of neck, vacuum chamber)
10
Q
- When are animals not allowed to be used in experiments
A
No license may be granted for experiments proposed for the purposes of manufacture of cosmetics, tobacco, other consumer goods, weapons and their components, and ammunition
11
Q
- Duties of National Central Veterinary Office (chief veterinary officer)
A
- Prepare vet. legislations + transposition on EU directives into national law
- Supervise + coordinate activities of vet. services at regional + district level
- Decision-making in emergency
- Coordinate with diagnostic labs (according to contingency plans)
- Negotiate w/ 3rd countries + national reps. to various organizations (WHO, OIE, FAO)
12
Q
- When is stunning not obligatory
A
- dont apply to invertebrates
- poultry and rabbits slaughtered for home consumption
- when killing of animal is necessary due to emergency situation
13
Q
- Transport time/rules of farm animals
A
- Shall not exceed 8 hours, can be extended if additional requirements are met
- Un-weaned calves, piglets, lambs, kids and foals: after 9 hours of travel, rest period of at least one hour to be given liquid and if necessary, fed. After this rest period, transported for further 9 hours
- Pigs: transported for maximum 24 hours, continuous access to water.
- Domestic equidae: transported maximum 24 hours, liquid and if necessary, fed every eight hours
- All other animals: after 14 hours of travel, rest period of at least one hour, given liquid and if necessary, fed. After this rest period, transported for further 14 hours
14
Q
- Objectives of OIE
A
- to inform Governments about the occurrence and course of diseases of animals throughout the world and ways of controlling these diseases;
- to provide co-ordination at the international level for studies devoted to the surveillance and control of diseases of animals
- to examine regulations for trade in animals and products of animal origin, with a view to harmonizing such regulations among Member Countries
- to give priority to the welfare of animals used in agriculture and aquaculture and to identify animal welfare research needs
15
Q
- Weaning of piglets
A
- not less than 4 weeks of age, unless the welfare or health of dam/piglet would be otherwise adversely affected
16
Q
- Animal welfare sanctions
A
- official restrictions
- exclusion from state compensation
- fine: animal health/welfare
- infringement
- criminal offence
17
Q
- List specialist commissions of OIE
A
- Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Commission (“Code Commission”)
- Scientific Commission for Animal Diseases (”Scientific Commission”)
- Biological Standards Commission (“Laboratories Commission”)
- Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission (“Aquatic Animals Commission”)
18
Q
- 5 freedoms
A
- from hunger, thirst and malnutrition
- from fear and distress
- from physical and thermal discomfort
- from pain, injury and disease
- to express normal patterns of behavior
19
Q
- Duties of FVO
A
Food and Veterinary Office
- promote effective control systems in the food safety and quality, veterinary and plant health sectors;
- check on compliance with the requirements of EU food safety and quality, veterinary and plant health legislation within the European Union and in third countries exporting to the EU;
- contribute to the development of EU policy in the food safety and quality, veterinary and plant health sectors
20
Q
- Animal welfare rules of castration of piglets
A
- if performed after 7 days from birth: under anesthesia and prolonged analgesia - performed by vet.
21
Q
- GATT agreement
A
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
- An international agreement, a document setting out the rules for conducting international trade, and an international organization created later to support the agreement
- GATT, the international agency, no longer exists. It has now been replaced by the World Trade Organization
22
Q
- Prohibited methods of killing in pets
A
- drowning/suffocation if they don’t produce immediate loss of consciousness + death
- use of poisonous substance/drug where dose + application cannot be controlled
- electrocution unless preceded by immediate induction of loss of consciousness
23
Q
- When must a journey log be kept
A
- Transporters and organizers
- For long journeys between Member States and with third countries for:
- Domestic equidae other than registered equidae
- Domestic animals of bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine species
24
Q
- Public health establishmets and labs under control of Minister of Agriculture
A
- Veterinary institutes
- Institute performing tasks of food examination
- Institute performing tasks of vaccine-, medicine- and fodder examination
- Regional veterinary authority: laboratories is making a microbiological examination of food and fodder
- Laboratory of reproduction biology of animal breeding
25
25. List veterinary laboratories
- Public veterinary laboratory
- Veterinary laboratory of a holding
- Veterinary (clinical) laboratory
26
26. When is it acceptable to kill an animal
- Food production
- Fur production
- Population control
- incurable disease
- injury
- risk of infection
- pest control
- prevention of unavoidable attack
- scientific research
27
27. Iodine disinfectant
- commonly used in animal health + food processing disinfection
- aqueous iodine + alcoholic iodine commonly used as antiseptics
- affect bacteria, viruses and some spores
- used for general disinfection, bovine teat dips and surgical scrubs
- hard water and large amount of organic material reduce activity
28
28. When can disinfection fail
- overdilution during pre-mixing
- incomplete/inadequate cleaning
- poor disinfectant penetration or coverage
- insufficient contact time
- inadequate temperature and humidity during application
- presence of residual cleaning material
- selection of product ineffective against microorganism
- entire procedure must be repeated if exam/lab results indicate that pathogens have survived
29
29. Which animals can be used for experimentation besides lab. animals
- Farm animals and companion animals (e.g. beagle)
| - Animals taken from wild (protected species: if it is approved by the nature preservation)
30
30. Chlorine disinfectants
- bleaching + germicidal properties
- easily available + inexpensive
- broad antimicrobial spectrum
- min. environmental hazards
- works best in absence of organic material
31
31. Stunning methods on farm animals
Stunning must not be carried out unless its possible to bleed animal immediatly after
- captive bolt pistol
- percussive blow to the head
- electronarcosis
- exposure to carbon dioxide
32
32. Category 1 materials
A + B -> carcasses
rest: material (?)
A) All body parts including hides, skins of:
- Animals suspected of being infected with TSE, or TSE have been officially confirmed
- Animals killed in the context of TSE eradication measures
- Animals other than farm and wild animals (pet animals, zoo animals and circus animals)
- Experimental animals
- Wild animals suspected of being infected with transmissible disease
B) SRM – Specified risk material à Should be removed at slaughterhouses and high -risk processing plants.
C) Animal by – products derived from animals which have been submitted to illegal treatment
D) Animal by products containing residues of other substances and environmental contaminats
E) Waste water
F) Catering waste
33
33. Category 2 carcass
Category2
- Animals and part of animals that dies and not listed in cat. 1, including animals killed to eradicate epizootic disease
34
34. Category 3 carcass
- Parts of slaughtered animals fit for human consumption – but not intended to, due to
commercial reasons
- Parts of slaughtered animals which are rejected as unfit for human consumption, and that are not affected by transmissible diseases.
- Hide, skin, hooves and horns, feathers from animal slaughtered in slaughterhouse that after
inspection were fit for human consumption.
- Blood from slaughtered animals (ø ruminants) and passed inspection for human consumption
- Raw milk originating from animals that ø show clinical signs of transmissible disease
35
35. Definition of decisions
are binding in all their aspects upon those to whom they are addressed. A decision may be addressed to any or all Member States, to undertakings or to individuals
36
36. Animal welfare rules of keeping hens in enriched cages
- at least 750 cm2 of cage area for each laying hens (600 cm2: usable)
- cage: at least 2000 cm2
- nest
- litter: pecking and scratching
- perches
- feed trough: 12 cm/ laying hen
- drinking system; 2 nipple drinkers or 2 drinking cups: within reach
- aisle: min. width of 90 cm
- claw-shortening device
37
37. International organizations active in animal welfare
- Council of Europe
- World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)
- World Trade Organization
- European Union
38
38. Surgical interventions prohibited in pet animals
Surgical operations for the purpose of modifying the appearance of a pet animal or for other non-curative purposes shall be prohibited and, in particular:
- docking of tails (Hungary: until the age of 7 days in certain breeds)
- cropping of ears
- devocalisation
- declawing and defanging;
39
39. Duties of LAEC (local animal experimentation committee)
- the preparation of the animal experimentation regulation (ethical codex)
- the control of observance of the animal experimentation regulation
- the professional-ethical supervision of the animal experimentation of the institution
- organisation of education and training of those authorised to carry out animal experiments
40
40. Protection zone in case of African horse sickness
- min. 12 months
- min. radius of 100 km
- - NB: epidemiological, geographical + climate conditions
- inform public about restrictions
- disinsectisation
- visit all holdings keeping equidae, take sample
- movement: only for emergency slaughter
41
41. Surveillance zone in case of African horse sickness
- min. 12 months
- min radius of 50 km
- - NB: epidemiological, geographical + climate conditions
- inform public about restrictions
- disinsectisation
- visit all holdings keeping equidae, take sample
- movement: only for emergency slaughter
- vaccination prohibited
42
42. Official confirmation in case of African horse sickness
- inform public about restrictions
- killing of infected horses
- disposal of carcass + animal waste
- strict disinfection
- 20 km zone: official surveillance, obligatory vaccination, lab. examination of dogs, killing diseased dogs
- epizootic inquiry
- take into account epidemiological, geographical + climate conditions
43
43. Public health measures in case of glanders
- notification to public health service
- informing keepers
- protective clothes, personal disinfection
- no treatment of infected animals
- SD (suspected of being diseased): treatment only by vet.
44
44. Animals diseased with glanders
- typical clinical signs
- non-typical CS but + immunodiagnotic test
- no CS but repeated immunodiagnostic test is +
45
45. Control measures in case of EIA
- isolation, disinsectisation
- housing in stable
- diseased, infected: slaughter at slaughterhouse
- suspected of being diseased:
- - movement restriction, observation
- - clinical + serological exam. every 3 week
46
46. Control measures for suspected of being contaminated with EIA
- movement restriction
- diagnostic exam every 3 week
- min. 90 days
47
47. Measurements of treatment in case of diseased animals in rabbit hemorrhagic disease
-- valuable flock: kill only diseased + vaccinate healthy -> movement restriction + vaccination continued for 6 months
48
48. Official measures in case of animals diseased with rabbit hemorrhagic disease
- diseased:
- - movement restriction
- - slaughter prohibited
- - killing rabbits
- - proper disposal of carcass
- - valuable flock: kill only diseased + vaccinate healthy -> movement restriction + vaccination continued for 6 months
49
49. Measures in case of myxomatosis (diseased, suspected of being diseased)
- killing
- disposal of meat + skin
- suspected of being diseased animals may be vaccinated if auth. by district vet. officer
50
50. Lifting restrictions in case of myxomatosis
- killing, death or recovery of last diseased animals
| - 30 days waiting period + strict disinfection
51
51. Official measures in case of acariosis
- movement restrictions: marking of colonies
- - prohibition: any intervention transmitting disease
- - lab. exam of colonies suspected of being infected
- protection zone (5km)
- - obligatory treatment of all colonies
- -- refusing? killing wo/ state compensation
- - heat treatment of products
- - disinfection (empty hive, equipment)
52
52. Protection zone measures in acariosis
- 5 km
- no movement + exhibitions
- exam. colonies
- wandering: from places not under restriction + vet. check (auth. by district vet. officer)
- escape due to plant protection: to a place where there are no colonies
- - notification to off. vet.
- - back to original place within 14 days
53
53. Official measures in case of European foul brood
- movement restriction
- - marking colonies
- - prohibition: any intervention transmitting disease
- - lab. exam from colonies suspected of being diseased
- colonies:
- - obligatory treatment (all colonies in protection zone)
- -- Ø AB treatment auth. in HU
- - check ever 2 week
- - refusal: killed wo/ state comp.
- strict disinfection (hive, equipment, buildings, soil)
54
54. Official measures in case of American foul brood
- movement restrictions: marking of colonies
- - Ø AB treatment
- - Ø intervention transmitting disease
- - lab. exam from colonies suspected of being diseased
- colonies:
- - killing
- -- less than 50% infected: kill only infected colonies
- -- during monitoring new colonies found: all colonies killed
- killed bees
- - burning carcasses + buerial (+ Product, comb, brood)
- - burning + burial (min. 50 cm deep): every combustible material from hive
- strict disinfection (hive, equipment, buildings, soil)
55
55. Lifting restrictions in case of American foul brood
- no colonies + strict disinfection for 60 days observation
- if only colonies suspected of being diseased: lab. ruled out -> lifting without disinfection
- if colonies suspected of being contaminated: without disinfection after observation
56
56. Public health measures in case of rabies
- official vet. notify comp. regional institution if:
- - confirm rabies/potential rabies
- - aware of a rabid/potentially rabid/potentially rabies-infected animal has bitten any person
- physician:
- - if detection of wound caused by dog/cat/wild animal
- - notify comp. vet. authority take necessary measures wo delay
- - give name + address of animal keeper
- autopsy/head removal:
- - wear protective clothes
57
57. Definition of avian influenza
- infection of poultry/other captive bird caused by influenza A virus
- - subtype H5 or H7
- - or with IV pathogenicity index in six-weeks old chicken greater than 1.2
58
58. Definition of DIVA in avian influenza
- vaccination strategy that enable differentiation btw vaccinated/infected and vaccinated/non-infected animals
- diagnostic test that detects antibodies against field virus and use of non-vaccinated sentinel birds
59
59. Definition of LPAI
- infection of poultry/other captive birds caused by avian influenza virus subtype H5 or H7 that do not come within definition of HPAI
60
60. Measures to be applied on holdings where HPAI outbreak is confirmed
- all poultry/captive birds on holding is killes without delay + under official supervision
- MS can grant exceptions for some poultry species based on assessment of further spread of AI
- carcasses + eggs: disposed under official supervision
- poultry hatched from eggs during the probable introduction of HPAI + stamping out measures: official supervision and investigations
- meat + eggs collected during probable introduction of HPAI + stamping out: traced and disposed under official supervision
- substances + waste: destroyed or undergo treatment ensuring destruction of virus
- disposal of carcasses, buildings used for housing, equipment etc: undergo treatment
- other captive birds/mammals: not enter/leave holding wo authorization
- primary outbreak: lab. exam to identify genetic subtype - visurisolate submitted to reference lab.
61
61. Regular testing/control in Aujeszky disease-free large -scale holdings
- all boars: every 6 m
- sow: 20-50% every 6 m
- representative sample of fattening pigs
62
62. Protection zone in case of Newcastle disease
- min. radius of 3 km
- stand-still measures and controlled movement of poultry for at least 21 days
- before lifting measures: sampling of poultry holdings
63
64. Surveillance zone in case of Newcastle disease
- min. radius of 10 km
- stand-still measures and controlled movements of poultry for at lest 30 days
- before lifting measures: sampling of poultry holdings
64
64. Public health measures in case of bovine tuberculosis
- notification to state medical service
- informing keeper/owner
- personal disinfection
- protective clothes, gloves, footwear
- control of products
65
65. Official measures in protection zone for Bluetongue
- identification of all holdings with animals
- implementation of surveillance program for monitoring sentinel bovine animals + vector populations
- ban on animals leaving the zone (can be exceptions where there is proven absence of viral circulation/vectors)
- may be decided: vaccination of animals + identification
66
66. Official measures in surveillance zone for Bluetongue
- 50 km
- identification of all holdings with animals
- implementation of surveillance program for monitoring sentinel bovine animals + vector populations
- ban on animals leaving the zone (can be exceptions where there is proven absence of viral circulation/vectors)
- vaccination is prohibited
67
67. Re-establishing CBPP infection-free status
- 2 years from the date of last case
| - demonstrate that outbreak did not represent endemic infection and that the disease is eradicated by the means taken
68
68. Country free from CBPP infection wo/ intermediate steps
- continuously free for last 10 years
AND
- no vaccination for at lest 10 years
- no CS/PM signs for at least 10 years
- adequate disease surveillance and reporting system
- use of diagnostic procedures capable of differentiating mycoplasma mycoides from other bovine mycoplasma diseases
69
69. Protection zone FMD
- a min. radius of 3 km
- national + local disease control centers
- tracing of all susceptible animals + animal products
- registration of all holdings + establishments: regular vet. inspections
- animals of susceptible species must remain on holding except from emergency slaughter in SH outside of protection zone
- fairs, market, shows prohibited for ungulates
- ban of transport of susceptible animals
- not allowed to sell meat/meat products from susceptible species
- milk/milk products, semen, ova, embryo, hides, skin, wool, hair, bristles, feed, hay: special treatment and/or strict veterinary control or ban
Measures are maintained until:
- 15 days after killing and disposal of all animals on the holdings affected.
- survey in all holdings are concluded with negative results.
70
70. Surveillance zone FMD
- min. radius of 10 km
- tracing of susceptible animals/animal products
- census of holdings and animals on them
- ban on transporting susceptible species
- restriction on placing meat/meat products of animal origin on the market
- measures in surveillance zone are applicable 2 weeks after the measures in protection zone is lifted
71
71. Recovery of FMD-free status without vaccination
- control and eradication measures laid down for protection and surveillance zones have been effective and may be lifted
- at least 3 months have elapsed after last recorded outbreak
72
72. Recovery of FMD-free status if vaccination has been used
- control and eradication measures laid down for protection + surveillance zones have been effective and may be lifted
- at least 3 months have elapsed since slaughter of last vaccinated animal and serological surveillance has been carried out
OR
- at least 6 months have elapsed since the last outbreak of FMD or completion of emergency vaccination
73
73. Public measures in bovine enzootic leukosis, single animal
?
74
74. Definition of an animal suspected of being contaminated with scabies
- direct/indirect contact within 42 days with diseased / suspect of being diseased animal
- obligatory yearly treatment was not carried out in sheep
- if sheep introduced into herd without previous isolation
75
75. Official measures for scabies
- obligatory treatment (w/ approved product)
- - <2 cm wool: 1x
- - >2 cm wool: shearing + 1 or 2 treatments (interval 7-10 days)
- - other species: 2x treatment (interval 7-10 days)
- parallel disinfection of keeping place + equipment (w/ approved product)
- movement restrictions:
- - grazing, changing keeping place only after treatment if at new place there is no contact with susceptible animals
- - slaughter: only after treatment (zoonosis)
- - raw products: disinfection, separate storage of wool for 6 weeks
- - equipment, buildings: disinfection of 6 weeks wo/ contact with animals
76
76. Measures in surveillance zone for CSF
- min. radius of 10 km
- census of all holdings
- prohibition of any movement or transport of pigs
- cleaning + disinfection
- removing pigs from a holding situated in a surveillance or protection zone is subject of authorisation by vet. authority
Measures shall continue until:
- cleaning and disinfection
- examination and/or clinical exam of all pigs on the holding shall not take place until 30 days after cleaning and disinfection.
77
77. Measures in protection zone for CSF
- min. radius of 3 km
Shall continue until:
- cleaning and disinfection
- All pigs on holding tested undergone clinical and laboratory examination
- the examination shall not take place before 15 days after
78
78. Rules for repopulation in case of CSF
- min. 30 days after completion of cleaning + disinfection
- open-air holdings: full repopulation may take place only if none of sentinel pigs have developed antibodies against virus
79
79. Measures in protection zone for ASF
- min. radius of 3 km
- lifting restrictions: serological survey
- min. 15 days
- census of all holdings
- ban on movement + transport of pigs
- movement restrictions: products, persons, vehicles
- no markets, fair
- strict cleaning/disinfection/disinsectisation
80
80. Measures in surveillance zone ASF
- min. radius of 10 km
- lifting restrictions: serological survey
- min. 30 days
81
81. Rules of repopulation after ASF outbreak
- where occurence is linked to vectors:
-- restocking shall not take place for at least 6 years
UNLESS:
- specific operations to eliminate vector from premises where pigs are kept or can come in contact w/ vector have been successfully carried out
- its possible to show that persistence of vectors no longer represents significant risk for ASF being transmitted
82
82. Public health measures for brucellosis
- notification to medical service
- informing keeper/owner (pregnancy)
- personal disinfection
- protective clothes, gloves, footwear
- control of products
83
83. Restocking in case of swine vesicular disease
- 4 weeks after full disinfection of premises
- outdoor pig holding:
- - negative sentinel pigs
- - clinical exam + serological testing after 28 days
- other rearing forms:
- - within 8 days
- - seronegative pigs
- - no pigs leave holding for 60 days after arrival of last pig
- - serological test 28 days after arrival
84
84. Preventative measures of duck viral enteritis
- no free keeping on natural waters during 2 weeks before egg-laying period
- infected natural water: no susceptible birds for 2 years, vaccinated broiler ducks
- breeding and broiler flocks shall not be kept together
85
86. Official measures in infected areas following eradication of anthrax
Infected area:
- pasture/other area where anthrax was confimed/was origin of infection
- village, farm, holding where anthrax was confirmed
- burying ground or pond
Measures
- fence
- no grazing, feedstuff production
- only vaccinated animals can be kept there
- FOR MIN. 25 YEARS
86
87. Measures in large-scale holdings in case of Teschovirus
- all diseased and suspected of being diseased pigs: killed on the spot
- suspected of being contaminated: observation for 40 days - if slaughtered: heat treatment
- slaughter: removal of intestinal tract, intact nervous system
- - heat treatment: 70C for 20 min.
87
Category 2 material
- Manure + digestive tract content
- All animal materials collected when treating waste water
- Residues of veterinary drugs
- Products of animal origin, which have been declared unfit for human consumption due to foreign bodies
- Fetuses
- Oocytes, embryos and semen
- Dead – in – shell poultry
88
Restriction zone 3 ASF
```
Census
Ban movement and transport pigs
Restriction movement: product, persons, vehicles
No market, fairs
Strict cleaning and disinfection
Disinsectisation
```
89
When the presence of blue tongue officially confirmed, measures
Official veterinary shall implement:
1. Slaughter necessary to prevent extension of the epidemic
2. Destruction, elimination, incineration or burial carcasses of slaughtered animals
3. Extend measures of official surveillance and movement restriction to holdings located within a radius of 20km around the infected holding/holdings
4. Implement vaccination or other alternative measures if necessary
5. Epidemiological survey
90
GATT agreement on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures
Aim to reduce to a minimum the negative effects of health barriers on international trade, with emphasis on achieving the widest possible harmonization of their animal health measures taken to ensure the protection of human and animal life and health, establish their measures on basis of international standards, guidelines and recommendations.
91
American foulbrood protection zone measures
1. 5 km
2. No movement
3. No exhibition
4. Exam all colonies
5. Wandering : from places not under restriction and veterinary checks
- authorized district veterinary
- 60 days observation, check every 2 weeks
6. Escape due to plant protection: to a place where there is no colonies
7. Notification to the official vet
8. Back to original place within 14 days
92
European foul brood protection zone
1. 5km zone
2. No movement colonies
3. No exhibition
4. Treatment all colonies
5. Wandering: from places not under restrictions + veterinary checks (authorization district vet). 15 days observation (check every 2 week)
6. Escape due to plant protection: to a place where there is no colonies
7. Notify official vet
8. Back to original place within 14 weeks
93
Free herd with vaccine in Aujeszky
1. no infection for 2 years (until 2006)
2. Only gE gene-deleted vaccine
3. Epidemiological conditions (isolation, controlled movement, lab exam, records)
4. Testing all breedings sows and boars and representative sample of fattening pigs with gE ELISA
5. Insemination or natural breeding with negative semen and boars
94
Free parent and production flock
1. The birds originate from free flock
2. All + < 1%
3. Infected birds are eliminated
4. Bacteriology of dead eggs and day old chickens
5. Individual identification of hatching eggs
6. On,y eggs originating from free flock may be hatched
95
Day old chicken testing fowl thyphoid
```
Day old chickens:
- During the first 5 days of life min. 1x sample for laboratory examination
< 10 carcasses: all,
11- 50 carcasses: 10
>50 carcasses every 5th, max 50
```
96
Testing dead eggs fowl thyphoid
Dead eggs: min 2x in every production cycles
<100 fowls: 20
100-300 fowls: 50
>300 fowls: 100 dead eggs
97
Free pedigree or grand parent flock test: fowl thyphoid
Positive flock at the 2 tests: <0,5 %
Infected birds are eliminated
Bacteriology of dead eggs and day old chickens
State vet. final
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