PR CST

Question 1

smallest tapeworm of man and most common cestode infection

Answer 1

Hymenolepis nana

Question 2

Hymenolepis spp.

Habitat

Answer 2

small intestine (upper portion of ileum)

Question 3

Hymenolepis spp.

MOT

Answer 3

• ingestion
• H. nana : Autoinfection

Question 4

Hymenolepis nana

FH

Answer 4

Humans

Question 5

Hymenolepis nana

Common name

Answer 5

Dwarf tapeworm

Question 6

Hymenolepis nana

IH

Answer 6

• Ctenocephalides canis (Dog Flea)
• Pulex irritans (Human Flea)
• Xenopsylla cheopsis (Rat Flea)
• Tenebrio (Rice Beetle)
• Tribolium (Flour Beetle)

Question 7

Hymenolepis nana

IS

Answer 7

1. Indirect - Cysticercoid
2. Direct - Embryonated Egg

Question 8

Hymenolepis nana

Adult Worm (Scolex)

Answer 8

• Subglobular or rhomboidal
• Four suckers
• Armed rostellum : 20-30 hooklets

Question 9

Hymenolepis nana

Mature Proglottid (Testes and Ovary)

Answer 9

Testes - 3 ovoid
Ovary - 1 bilobed

Question 10

Hymenolepis nana

Gravid Proglottid

Answer 10

• Twice as wide as long
• Sac-like uterus filled with eggs

Question 11

Hymenolepis nana

Egg

Answer 11

• Circular and thin-shelled
• Oncosphere with hexacanth embryo

Question 12

Hymenolepis nana

Egg (# of hooklets)

Answer 12

6 hooklets

Question 13

Hymenolepis nana

Egg (polar thickenings and polar filaments)

Answer 13

Presence of polar thickenings and 4-8 polar filaments

Question 14

Hymenolepis diminuta

FH & AH

Answer 14

FH : Rat
AH : humans

Question 15

Hymenolepis diminuta

Common name

Answer 15

Rat tapeworm

Question 16

Hymenolepis diminuta

IH

Answer 16

Variety of arthropods
- cockroach, rat flea, flour moths, flour beetles

Question 17

Hymenolepis diminuta

IS

Answer 17

Cysticercoid larva

Question 18

Hymenolepis diminuta

Adult Worm (Scolex)

Answer 18

• Knob shaped and unarmed rostellum
• 4 suckers

Question 19

Hymenolepis diminuta

Mature Proglottid (Testes and Ovary)

Answer 19

• Wide but short
• Testes : 3 ovoid
• Ovary : 1

Question 19

Hymenolepis diminuta

Gravid Proglottid

Answer 19

Very wide but short

Question 20

Hymenolepis diminuta

Eggs

Answer 20

• large, ovoid, yellowish
• striated shell
• six-hooked oncosphere

Question 21

Hymenolepis diminuta

Eggs appearance

Answer 21

Fried egg appearance

Question 22

Hymenolepis diminuta

Egg (polar thickenings and polar filaments)

Answer 22

Presence of polar thickenings, but no polar filaments

Question 23

Hymenolepis diminuta

Eggs (hooklets)

Answer 23

fan-like arrangement

Question 24

Hymenolepis spp. Pathology

Answer 24

Adult : epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea

Question 25

Hymenolepis spp. Diagnosis

Answer 25

Stool exam

Question 26

Hymenolepis spp. Treatment

Answer 26

Praziquantel

Question 27

Dipylidium caninum Common name

Answer 27

Double Pored Tapeworm, Dog Tapeworm, Flea Tapeworm, Cucumber Tapeworm

Question 28

Dipylidium caninum FH & AH

Answer 28

FH : dogs, cats AH : man

Question 29

Dipylidium caninum Habitat

Answer 29

small intestine

Question 30

Dipylidium caninum IH

Answer 30

- Ctenocephalides canis (dogs) - Ctenocephalides felis (cats)

Question 31

Dipylidium caninum IS

Answer 31

cysticercoid larva

Question 32

Dipylidium caninum MOT

Answer 32

ingestion

Question 33

Dipylidium caninum Scolex

Answer 33

Globular, 4 suckers, armed and rosette-like w 1-7 circles of spine

Question 33

Dipylidium caninum Mature Proglottid

Answer 33

- 2 genital pores on each side (left and right) - 2 sets of reproductive organs

Question 34

Dipylidium caninum Egg

Answer 34

- enclosed in an egg capsule with 8-15 eggs per capsule - eggs : spherical and striated

Question 35

Dipylidium caninum Gravid proglottid

Answer 35

- looks like a cucumber (size and shape of pumpkin seed); melon shaped - with 2 genital pores

Question 36

Dipylidium caninum Pathology

Answer 36

- Asymptomatic - Heavy infections : abdominal pain, anal pruritus may occur

Question 36

Dipylidium caninum Diagnosis

Answer 36

Recovery of ova/segment/scolex

Question 37

Dipylidium caninum Treatment

Answer 37

Praziquantel

Question 38

Raillietina garrisoni Common name

Answer 38

Common tapeworm of rats, Madagascar worm

Question 39

Raillietina garrisoni FH & AH

Answer 39

FH : rats AH : man

Question 40

Raillietina garrisoni Habitat

Answer 40

small intestine

Question 41

Raillietina garrisoni IH

Answer 41

Tribolium confusum (beetle)

Question 42

Raillietina garrisoni IS

Answer 42

Cysticercoid larva

Question 43

Raillietina garrisoni MOT

Answer 43

ingestion

Question 44

Raillietina garrisoni Scolex

Answer 44

Armed rostellum with alternating circular rows of 90-140 hooks

Question 45

Raillietina garrisoni Shape of hooklets

Answer 45

Hammer-shaped hooklets

Question 46

Raillietina garrisoni Gravid Proglottid

Answer 46

Rice grain appearance

Question 46

Raillietina garrisoni Egg

Answer 46

- Enclosed in egg capsule (spindle-shaped appearance) - Enclosed in outer elongated membrane and inner spherical membrane

Question 47

Raillietina garrisoni Disease

Answer 47

- Asymptomatic - Children usually affected - proglottids passed out

Question 47

Raillietina garrisoni Diagnosis

Answer 47

Recover of egg/Scolex

Question 47

Raillietina garrisoni Treatment

Answer 47

Praziquantel

Question 48

Echinococcus granulosus Common name

Answer 48

Hydatid Tapeworm

Question 49

Echinococcus granulosus FH

Answer 49

Canines (Dogs)

Question 49

Echinococcus granulosus Habitat

Answer 49

small intestine

Question 50

Echinococcus granulosus IH

Answer 50

sheep, goat, swine, cattle, horses, camel, humans (accidental)

Question 50

Echinococcus granulosus IS

Answer 50

hydatid cyst

Question 51

Echinococcus granulosus MOT

Answer 51

ingestion

Question 51

Echinococcus granulosus Adult Worm (Scolex)

Answer 51

prominent rosette w/ double rows, 28-40 hooklets, 4 cuplike suckers

Question 52

Echinococcus granulosus Proglottids

Answer 52

1 mature, 1 immature, 1 Gravid

Question 52

Echinococcus granulosus Eggs

Answer 52

identical and indistinguishable from Taenia eggs

Question 53

Echinococcus granulosus Different layers of Hydatid Cyst

Answer 53

1. Adventitial / Collagen layer 2. Laminated layer 3. Germinal layer

Question 53

Echinococcus granulosus small version of the whole hydatid cyst

Answer 53

Daughter cyst

Question 54

Echinococcus granulosus Hydatid cyst ruptures releases ____

Answer 54

hydatid fluid and hydatid sand

Question 55

Echinococcus granulosus Pathology (Larva)

Answer 55

- Cysticercosis involving soft tissues - Cystic Hydatid Disease - Cystic Echinococcus

Question 56

Echinococcus granulosus Diagnosis

Answer 56

- X-ray, serological test, MRI, ELISA - Bentonite Flocculation Test - Casoni Intradermal Test

Question 57

Echinococcus granulosus Treatment

Answer 57

- Surgical Resection - Albendazole, Praziquantel - PAIR

Question 58

Echinococcus granulosus What does PAIR mean?

Answer 58

P - Puncture A - Aspirate I - Inject R - Reaspirate

Question 59

T/F H. nana is the only human tapeworm in which an immediate host is not necessary.

Answer 59

T