Practical #1: Plants

Question 1

Area of maturation

Answer 1

top third
- where cells differentiate
- inside cells for transport, outer cells for protection

Question 2

area of elongation

Answer 2

middle third
- expand in size
- undifferentiated area

Question 3

area of cell division

Answer 3

bottom third
- contains apical meristem
- site of primary growth and mitosis

Question 4

root cap

Answer 4

parenchyma cells that protect the root and secrete mucilage

Question 5

apical meristem

Answer 5

responsible for primary growth

Question 6

root hair

Answer 6

increases water and nutrient intake

Question 7

stem cell anatomy (3 types)

Answer 7

• sclernechyma
• collenchyma
• parenchyma

Question 8

sclerenchyma

Answer 8

protects vascular bundle (cap on vascular bundle)
- cells are dead
- structural support for plant

Question 9

collenchyma

Answer 9

just below the epidermis
- structural support to stem
- cells are alive

Question 10

parenchyme

Answer 10

most common cells
- metabolic functions
- photosynthesis

Question 11

3 tissue systems in the stem

Answer 11

dermal tissue, ground tissue, vascular tissue

Question 12

dermal tissue

Answer 12

primary component is epidermis, protect underlying tissue of plants

Question 13

vascular tissues

Answer 13

carries water and nutrients through stem with xylem and phloem

Question 14

ground tissue

Answer 14

composed of pith and cortex, provide support to the stem

Question 15

The xylem transports ______ and ______ from the roots _________ to other parts of the plant.

Answer 15

water, nutrients, up the stem

Question 16

The phloem bring ______ and ______ from the ___________ to other parts of the plant

Answer 16

sugar, amino acids, photosynthetic site

Question 17

In woody plants, stems increase in girth due to…

Answer 17

secondary growth, lateral meristems are responsible for this type of growth

Question 18

the vascular cambium

Answer 18

is a cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody stems and is responsible for producing xylem and phloem

Question 19

as the trunk of the plant increases size, the _______ produces new dermal tissue to support the expansion

Answer 19

cork cambium (beneath the bark)

Question 20

upper and lower epidermis (leaf anatomy)

Answer 20

protection
- lacks chloroplasts
- lower epidermis contains stoma responsible for air exchange and transpiration

Question 21

palisade mesophyll

Answer 21

photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll

Question 22

spongy mesophyll

Answer 22

photosynthesize but also transports sugar produced in palisade mesophyll to vascular bundles

Question 23

xylem

Answer 23

water and nutrients from roots to the stem to other parts of the plant

Question 24

phloem

Answer 24

brings sugars and amino acids from photosynthetic parts of the cell to other parts

Question 25

Monocot flower characteristics

Answer 25

One cotyledon (seed), fibrous roots, scattered (vascular), parallel veins (leaf), multiples of 3 (flowers)

Question 26

Eudicot flower characteristics

Answer 26

two cotyledons, taproots, ringer (vascular), net like veins (leaves), 4 or 5 flowers

Question 27

tomato (label and fleshy or dry)

Answer 27

berry, fleshy

Question 28

apple (label and fleshy or dry)

Answer 28

pome, fleshy

Question 29

strawberry (label and fleshy or dry)

Answer 29

aggregate, fleshy

Question 30

olive (label and fleshy or dry)

Answer 30

drupe and fleshy

Question 31

snap pea (label and fleshy or dry)

Answer 31

pod and dry

Question 32

the female reproductive structure of the flower that develop into fruit is the...

Answer 32

ovary

Question 33

post pollination, the ________ is formed, which is fruit tissue from the ovary that will surround the seeds

Answer 33

pericarp

Question 34

as the fruit matures, the _____, which originally contained the eggs in the flower, develops into seeds

Answer 34

ovule

Question 35

fruit is defined as structures derived from _______. This structure determines whether the fruit is ________.

Answer 35

pericarp, fleshy or dry

Question 36

deadly nightshade medical compound

Answer 36

atropine

Question 37

deadly nightshade effect on human body

Answer 37

causes the expansion of the pupil in human eye

Question 38

medical application of deadly nightshade

Answer 38

open patients pupil in eye exams

Question 39

yam species medical compound

Answer 39

diosgenin

Question 40

yam species effect on human body

Answer 40

allows progesterone (female hormone) to be easily made - at certain levels can stop ovulation

Question 41

medical application of yam species

Answer 41

used in birth control pills

Question 42

opium poppy medical compound

Answer 42

morphine

Question 43

opium poppy effect on human body

Answer 43

morphine binds to nerve cells, preventing signals of pain perception from being sent