What are the golden rules of feeding?
-little and often
-feed plenty of fibre
-make changes gradually
What does barley consist of and how is it fed?
- grain
- de=12.8
- low in fats and lipids
-husk must be removed or grain should be processed
CP=60-140
What does Wheat consist of and how is it fed?
- Small grains may be swallowed whole
- Deficient in lysine and methionine (amino acids)
- palatable (found in bran)
- DE=14.1
-CP=100
What does Oats consist of and how is it fed?
- de= 10-12
cp=96
-longest grain
-deficient in several amino acids - fast release energy
- high in unsaturated fats
What does Maize consist of and how is it fed ?
de= 14.2
cp=85
-hard grain must be processed (flaked)
- slow release response
-low cp
what are grains deficient in?
Protien
What does linseed consist of and how is it fed?
De= 15.1
cp=210
-MUST BE BOILED to remove toxins (cyanogenic glycosides)
- high in vitamins (b and k)
- contains mucilage (absorbs water)
-boiled = proteins released from proteins
What does soya bean contain and how is it fed?
de=13.3
cp=440
good calcium to phosporus ratio
must be cook to destroy goitrogens, allergens, anticoagulants, protases inhibitors
What does Peas and Beans contain and how are they fed?
-high in energy, protein and phosphorus
- low in calcium, manganese lysine and methionine
Differences within grass?
- differing sugar content
-grass stores fructans
-horses require meadow grass for high fibre and low sugar
What are legumes?
- eg. peas, lupins, clover
- good sources of protein
- cut when nutrient content is optimal
Nutritional value of grass?
- high water content (750-800 g/kg)
- nutrient value varies based on time of day and year
- cp = 50-350
-soluble carbs = 25-300
-insoluble cp =- 200-300
-lipid = 60 (very low)
-high in vitamins (this can vary)
-low dense swards (resistance of trampling)
long and stemmy needed for hay
Nutritional value of hay?
dm = >850 (very high)
-de= 7 mj/kg
-cp = 45-80
- cut = dry= turn= dry
-faster drying =less nutrients lost
- wet weather can effect drying ability thus nutritional value
-alfalfa = legume / good protein/ high vit/ disproportional ca:p
Nutritional value of silage?
-grass chopped and packed into polythene
-lactobacillus ferment forming Vfa (from carbs)
-ph falls (impacting of good bacteria- releasing toxins) preserving energy
-can increase risk of colic (moves quickly)
-dm = <350
ph=3.9
protein=23
rate of fermentation dependent on grass sugar content
- areobic exposure = bacteria growth
What is botulism?
bacteria proliferate producing neurotoxins, blocking nerve impulses
-caused by forage poisoning
The nutritional value of haylage?
-cut as hay - 24 hour drying period before polythene wrapped
-de =7-11
Why feed roots?
-high in protein
-digestible
- high water content (low dm)
(can contain goitrogens and cyanogenic glycerides
at are cyanogenetic glycosides?
from amino acids cause acute poisoning in the horse
Nutritional content of molasses?
- dm= 700-750 (500 is sugar)
- high in soluble carbs
- small amounts provided
Nutritional content of sugar beet?
de = 11.7
cp= 100
- high in fibre
- low sugar levels
Why feed fibre?
- encourages peristalsis
- grains impact on stomach pH
- ad lib fed unless on a restricted diet
What should be the percentage body weight of forage fed for a mature horse at maintenance level?
1.5-2
What is the concentrate body weight percentage that should be fed to a horse at hard work
1-2
Choosing a ration steps?
-weigh horse then assess how much should be fed?
- choose forage type
-chose concentrate (if forage is not adequate to fully supply horse)
- supplementation?
