whymay percentage yeild be low?
reaction does not undergo completion
loss of solid in transfer between aparatus
what kind of filtration shjould you use in recrystilisation and why?
vaccuum filtration so that the solution remains hot
how can you dry a solid?
in an oven at lower temperature to its melting point
how do you calibrate a pH meter?
use 2 buffer solutions of known pH
Why might titration values get bigger?
they did not mix the orginal solution properly so higher concentration at the bottom
why do you add anti bumping granuals?
to allow the liquid to boil more gently
what is meant by heating under reflux?
boiling a mixture
condensing the vapour to return it to the flask