Practice Management

Question 1

Informed consent

Answer 1

● Based on the principle of autonomy
● Involves informing patients about the procedure, benefits,
risks, and alternative treatment options, including no
treatment

Question 2

Justifiable reasons to dismiss a patient

Answer 2

○ Failure to pay bills
○ Missed appointments
○ Inappropriate behavior
○ Treatment non-adherence
○ Office policy non-adherence

Question 3

Actions the dentist must take before dismissal

Answer 3

○ Describe untreated conditions
○ Describe the consequences of leaving conditions
untreated
○ Provide emergency care for up to 30 days
○ Transfer radiographs upon patient request

Question 4

stages of change

Answer 4

1. Precontemplation: not considering behavior change
2. Contemplation: beginning to consider behavior change
3. Preparation: preparing to take steps to change, often
   expresses a desire to change
4. Action: engaged in taking action towards behavior change,
   often requires support
5. Maintenance: attempting to maintain a changed behavior

Question 5

Needlestick protocol

Answer 5

● Before injecting the patient: replace the carpule, needle, and gloves, and proceed with the treatment
● After injecting the patient: inform the patient, report the incident, and have a confidential medical evaluation performed as
well as post-exposure blood testing for infectious diseases
○ Blood testing tests for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV

Question 6

Glutaraldehyde

Answer 6

high-level disinfectant, cold sterilant

Question 7

Tuberculocidal disinfectant

Answer 7

intermediate-level
disinfectant that inactivates Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
which survives on surfaces for months

Question 8

Sodium hypochlorite

Answer 8

intermediate-level disinfectant
○ Used to sanitize alginate impressions

Question 9

Quaternary ammonia

Answer 9

low-level disinfectant

Question 10

Disinfectants with phenol are the best for

Answer 10

smooth surfaces

Question 11

Spaulding classification system: critical

Answer 11

contacts sterile tissue or vascular system
○ Requires sterilization
○ E.g., needle, scalpel, scaler

Question 12

Spaulding classification system: semi-critical

Answer 12

contacts mucosa
○ Minimum of high-level disinfection, sterilization if the
material is heat stable
○ Eg., mouth mirror

Question 13

Spaulding classification system: noncritical

Answer 13

contacts skin
○ Requires disinfection with either an intermediate-level
disinfectant (if it becomes contaminated with blood) or a
low-level disinfectant
○ E.g., blood pressure cuff, dental chair

Question 14

Glutaraldehyde

Answer 14

○ Cold solution for heat-sensitive items

Question 15

Pressure sterilization/autoclave

Answer 15

○ Also known as steam or moist heat sterilization
○ 121.02 °C at 15 psi for 20 minutes
○ Moist heat destroys bacteria by denaturation of proteins
○ Spore testing should be performed weekly to assess
the ability to kill highly resistant bacteria

Question 16

Dry heat sterilization

Answer 16

Only for glass or metal objects

Question 17

Ethylene oxide

Answer 17

Used for pre-packaged items that are heat and
moisture-sensitive, like PSP plates

Question 18

Correct order of donning PPE

Answer 18

hygiene, gown, mask, eye protection, gloves

Question 19

hierarchy of controls: remove hazzard

Answer 19

elimination

Question 20

hierarchy of controls: swap hazard with safer alternative

Answer 20

substitution

Question 21

hierarchy of controls: physical measures to protect workers from hazard

Answer 21

engineering control

Question 22

hierarchy of controls: alter work practices to reduce hazard exposure

Answer 22

administrative

Question 23

hierarchy of controls: protective equipment worn by workers

Answer 23

PPE

Question 24

Hepatitis B

Answer 24

transmitted via contaminated blood
○ 30% risk of transmission after percutaneous injury
○ DNA virus
○ Vaccine and post-exposure prophylaxis are available
○ Can survive on surfaces for up to 1 week

Question 25

Hepatitis C

Answer 25

transmitted via contaminated blood ○ 1.8% risk of transmission after percutaneous injury ○ RNA virus ○ No vaccine available, post-exposure prophylaxis indicated ○ Can survive on surfaces for up to 6 weeks ○ Treat patients with universal precautions

Question 26

Hepatitis D

Answer 26

transmitted via direct contact or prior infection with hepatitis B

Question 27

water lines

Answer 27

● EPA requires ≤ 500 CFU of heterotrophic bacteria per mL of water ● Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the bacteria that is most commonly isolated from dental water lines

Question 28

Signs and symptoms of acute mercury toxicity:

Answer 28

● Muscle weakness (hypotonia) ● Loss of hair (alopecia) ● Weight loss/GI disorders ● Exhaustion

Question 29

Handling mold or mildew

Answer 29

wear eye protection and non-porous gloves

Question 30

● Hazardous gas leak outside

Answer 30

call 911

Question 31

Flood warning

Answer 31

turn off the central power unit

Question 32

(HIPAA) Breach notification

Answer 32

requires that patients are notified if an impermissible use or disclosure of their protected health information occurs

Question 33

(HIPAA) Security

Answer 33

requires that reasonable technological and physical safeguards are in place to ensure the confidentiality of patient health information

Question 34

(HIPAA) PRIVACY

Answer 34

gives patients the rights to their health information and ensures safeguards are in place to ensure information is not disclosed without patient authorization

Question 35

Medicaid Part A

Answer 35

inpatient or hospital-based coverage

Question 36

Medicaid Part B

Answer 36

outpatient medical coverage

Question 37

Medicaid Part C

Answer 37

also known as “Medicare Advantage,” similar to parts A, B, and D, but with additional coverage depending on the plan

Question 38

Medicaid Part D

Answer 38

prescription medication