Practice Questions

Question 1

A triad on a color wheel can be described as

• a) 3 analogous colors
• b) 3 colors equally spaced apart
• c) 3 colors of equal value
• d) a complementary set

Answer 1

b) 3 colors equally spaced

Question 2

Which of the following terms refers to the use of distortion to create the illusion of an object extending into space?

• a) Cantilevering
• b) Contrapposto
• c) Sfumato
• d) Foreshortening

Answer 2

D. Foreshortening

Question 3

In the work referenced, Max Ernst anticipated and manipulated which of the following postmodern design principles as a means of conveying a sense of the irrational and illogical?

• a) Gazing
• b) Hybridity
• c) Appropriation
• d) Juxtapostion

Answer 3

D.) Juxtapostion

Juxtapostion refers to the use of unrelated images, materials, etc to create a new image.

Question 4

A hard-edge painting is most likely to be characterized by

• a) an even, solid paint application
• b) blurry color mixed on the painting’s surface
• c) scratchy brush marks clearly separated
• d) translucent multiple layers

Answer 4

A) an even solid paint application such as Frank Stella and Ellsworth Kelly

Question 5

Which of the following statements accurately describes a JPEG compressed digital photograph?

• a) The JPEG format is used only for color photos
• b) a JPEG compression alters the proportions of the original image by rearranging data.
• C) a JPEG Compression sharpens the details in an imag
• D) The JPEG format compresses file size by selectively discarding data.

Answer 5

D) The JPEG fromat compresses file size by selectively discarding data. It can be used for black and white as well as color photos.

JPEG compression DOES NOT sharpen details or alter proportions

Question 6

Which of the following digital camera settings can be used to keep colors accurate under a variety of light conditions?

• a) White Balance
• b) Aperture
• c) ISO speed
• d) Shutter speed

Answer 6

A.) White Balance

Different lighting conditions (ie daylight, flourescent etc) tend to push the colors in a photograph towards a particular hue, so it is important to be able to adjust the camera to keep unwanted tints out of the photo. White balance refers to the way the camera compensates for variations in light to keep colors constant.

Question 7

Which of the following terms refers to pottery that has NOT been bisque fired?

• a) Raku
• b) Greenware
• c) Terracotta
• d) Stoneware

Answer 7

B.) Greenware

Bisque firing refers to the preliminary firing that is done to harden the piece prior to glazing and glaze firing. Greenware is a term referring to any pottery that has NOT been bisque fired.

Question 8

In weaving, the vertical and horizontal threads in a loom are called the

• a) bobbin and quill
• b) shuttle and paddle
• c) ply and twist
• d) warp and weft

Answer 8

D.) Warp and Weft

weaving on a loom involves stringing a series of threads along the loom lengthwise (warp) and weaving other threads crosswise (weft) in an out of the lenghtwise threads

Question 9

Which of the following terms refers to Archaic Greek statues whose poses - rigidly frontal with clenched fists - recall the stance of ancient Egyptian statues?

• a) Carytids
• b) Telamones
• c) Discoboloi
• d) Kouroi

Answer 9

D.) Kouroi

Question 10

The layout and design of the temple of Heaven in Beijing, China are intended mainly as a symbolic expression of the

• a) philosophical principles of feng shui
• b) metaphysical teachings of the Buddha
• c) connection between imperial and cosmic orders
• d) emperor’s absolute power over earthly matters

Answer 10

C.) Connection between imperial and cosmic orders

Question 11

The 19th-century photographic process used to create a daguerreotype was notable for its

• a) quick exposure time
• b) ability to capture sharp detail
• c) capacity to be reproduced multiple times
• d) use of paper negatives

Answer 11

B.) Ability to capture sharp detail

The first comercially succesful photographic process; each image was a direct positive made in the camera on a silver-plated copper plate. It was very fragile, required a lengthy exposure time and reproductions could not be made. Despite those drawbacks it became popular for portraiture becasue of its ability to capture crisp accurate details

Question 12

Which of the following artists is an English landscape painter who created a poetic sense of changing atmosphereic effects by using tiny applications of local color?

• a) John Constable
• b) William Morris
• c) William Hogarth
• d) Joshua Reynolds

Answer 12

A.) John Constable

Question 13

Which of the following figures is a contemporary installation artist who uses image projection and videos?

• a) Bill Viola
• b) Betye Saar
• c) Damien Hirst
• d) Rachel Whiteread

Answer 13

A.) Bill Viola

Question 14

The aesthetic philosophy that claims that the value of a work of art is determined by museums and galleries is known as

• a) captialism
• b) conceptualism
• c) structuralism
• d) institutionalism

Answer 14

D.) Institutionalism

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary elements of art?

• a) Dimension
• b) Unity
• c) Texture
• d) Space

Answer 15

B.) Unity

Dimension, texture and space are all ELEMENTS of art, while Unity is one of the Principles of art.

Question 16

Ms. Franklin is teaching a second-grade class a lesson on ceramics. The most appropriate activity for students at this grade level would be

• a) making pinch pots and coil pots
• b) throwing pots using a pottery wheel
• c) making and attaching handles to pots
• d) glazing pots using a kiln

Answer 16

A.) Making pinch pots and coil pots

Unlike making attaching handles to pots or throwing pots using a pottery wheel, creatinging this type is appropirate given the fine motor skills of second graders. the teacher could model glazing pots using a kiln, but it would be too dangerous for young students to attempt on their own.

Question 17

In order for a pigment to reach the desired consistency for fluid painting, with which of the following should it NOT be combined?

• a) Turpentine
• b) Fresco
• c) A tempera
• d) an oil medium

Answer 17

B.) Fresco

A fresco is a painting style, not a medium

Question 18

To create pottery with a fine, porcelain-like finish, one would use which type of clay?

• a) Kaolin
• b) Raku
• c) Terra cotta
• d) Stoneware

Answer 18

A.) Kaolin

Kaolin clay is fired at very high temperatures to produce fine, translucent pottery used for fine china. Terra cotta clay is an earthenware clay with a brownish-orange color, stoneware clay produces darker opaque pottery and Raku is a japanese method for firing clay, not a type of clay

Question 19

In print making, a stone plate would be used to produce a (n)

• a) linocut
• b) lithograph
• c) etching
• d) screen print

Answer 19

B.) Lithograph

In printmaking, the original surface (or matrix) that is used dertermines the type of print it is. ie

• stone plate = lithograph,
• linoleum plate = linocut,
• fabric matrices = screen prints,
• metal plates = etching
• wood block = wood cut

Question 20

Which of the following is not part of the intaglio family of printmaking techniques?

• a) Aquatint
• b) Drypoint
• c) Mezzotint
• d.) Relief

Answer 20

D.) Relief

Mezzotint, aquatint and drypoint are all intaglio printmaking techniques, which means that the ink used in the prinmaking goes underneath the surface of the matrix. In relief prints, the ink goes on the surface of the matrix. Woodcuts are an example of relief prints

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT ture of traditional African art?

• a) it exhibits a preference for sculpture and three-dimensional representations
• b) it did not typically exhibit visual abstraction
• c) it frequently focuses on the human figure as its subject
• d) its form and style vary regionally

Answer 21

B.) It did not typically exhibit visual abstraction

In fact, visual abstraction is seen much more frequently in African art than its naturalistic representation

Question 22

Which of the following is true of art from the Byzantine period?

• a) it was strongly naturalistic in character
• b) it frequently exhibited secular themes
• c) it predated the Classical period
• d) Illuminated manuscripts were a major artistic product of this period

Answer 22

D.) Illuminated manuscripts were a major artistic product of this period

Question 23

Which of the following best characterizes the Rococo style of art?

• a) Minimalist
• b) Romantic
• c) Decorative
• d) Gothic

Answer 23

C.) Decorative

The Rococo style was most frequently seen in ornate interior designs from eighteenth-century France.

Question 24

The Scream by Edvard Munch is considered the inspiration for which twentieth-century artistic movement?

• a) The Renaissance
• b) Modern Art
• c) Impressionism
• d) Expressionism

Answer 24

D.) Expressionsim

Question 25

Which of the following terms refers to the relative lightness or darkness of color in a painting? * a) Hue * b) Intensity * c) Value * d) Texture

Answer 25

C) Value Value refers to relative lightness and darkness, intensity refers to vibrancy of colors: high-intensity colors are pure while Low-intensity colors are mixed with other colors to suggest a somber mood. hue refers to a color's actual pigmentation, and texture is a tactile qualitu of the surface rather than a property of color

Question 26

A photograph of a small child standing alone in an empty room would have * a) asymmetrical composition * b) symmerical composition * c) artistic unity * d) lots of negative space

Answer 26

D) Lots of negative space Positive space in a painting or photograph is the space occupied by the subject (in this case the child); negative space is the "empty" part of the composition.

Question 27

Which of the following artistic elements would be found only in sculpture or decorative arts? * a) Line * b) Form * c) Proportion * d) Balance

Answer 27

B.) Form

Question 28

Cross-hatching is a technique that is used to * a) develop black-and-white photographs * b) achieve shading effects in pencil drawings * c) blend water-based paints * d) attach handles to pottery

Answer 28

B.) Achieve shading effects in pencil drawings

Question 29

The advantage of drawing with charcoal as opposed to lead pencils is that * a) Charcoal can be smudged to create shading * b) Charcoal does not require a fixative * c) charcoal is available in a variety of hues * d) charcoal is available in a wide range of different values, ranging from dark and soft to light and hard

Answer 29

A.) Charcoal can be smudged to create shading

Question 30

A student wants to purchase a sketch pad and lead pencils in order to practice drawing expressive portraits of her friends and family. Which of the following types of lead pencils would best serve her purpose? * a) 2H * b) 3H * c) 2 F * d) 4B

Answer 30

D.) 4B B pencils are softer and thus allow for more smudging and shading that are necessary in expressive drawing. H pencils are the hardest and most precise and are typically used for technical drawing. F pencils are in between H and B pencils in terms of hardness, but are still harder than the typical household pencil (2B)

Question 31

Which of the following statements is ture of perspective in drawing? * a) in order to achieve realism, a drawing can have only one vanishing point * b) a realistic drawing must have at least two vanishing points * c) a vanishing point above the horizon is called the zenith * d) vanishing points must converge on the horizon

Answer 31

C.) A vanishing point above the horizon is called the zenith While it is custoomary to have the vanishing point center on the horizon, it can also be above the horizon (zenith) or below the horizon line (the nadir)

Question 32

In oil painting, paint is traditionally applied * a) all in one session * b) with the least oily layers of paint on the bottom and oiliest layers at the top. * c) to slate or paper * d) after the paiting surfae had been finished with a layer of varnish

Answer 32

B.) With the least oily layers of paint on the bottom and oiliest layers at the top. Also known as the "fat over lean" rule, meant to prevent cracking when drying. Oil painting was traditionally done in layers over long periods of time, most commonly aplied to canvas or other fabric surfaces

Question 33

Drybrush is a technique that is **_NOT_** used in * a) watercolor painting * b) oil painting * c) acrylic painting * d) ceramic glazing

Answer 33

D.) Ceramic Glazing

Question 34

In watercolor painting, a wash would be used to * a) darken the color of an area that is already painted * b) lighten the color of an area that is already painted * c) create a smooth transition between two colors * d) create an area with one homogeneous color

Answer 34

D.) Create an area with one homogeneous color In order to achieve the other effects mentioned, one would use a glaze. This involves applying color over an area that has already been painted and dried, while allowing the original color to show through.

Question 35

Frescoes were traditionally painted on which of the following surfaces? * a) Wood * b) Canvas * c) Plaster * d) Paper

Answer 35

C.) Plaster

Question 36

When creating pottery, the purpose of "wedging" the clay is to * a) wet it so that is easier to shape * b) remove foreign objects such as small pebbles * c) remove air pockets and ensure the clay has a uniform consistency. * d) ensure that it is properly centered on the pottery wheel

Answer 36

C.) remove air pockets and ensure the clay has a uniform consistency

Question 37

The fiber art technique that involves condensing, or matting, fibers together is called * a) flocking * b) felting * c) macrame * d) plaiting

Answer 37

B.) Felting

Question 38

The threads that are stretched taut across the loom before weaving begins are called the * a) warp * b) weft * c) loom * d) twill

Answer 38

A.) Warp The weft threads are the threads that are woven across the warp, and the loom is the apparatus used for weaving. Twill is a weaving technique that produces a weave with parallel, diagnoal lines

Question 39

Which of the following stements about tapestries and tapestry weaving is **_false_**? * a) The warp threads in tapestries are completely hidden by the weft threads. * b) Tapestries characteristically feature religious, mythological, or hunting scenes * c) The weft threads in tapestires are always continuous * d) The art of tapestry weaving dates back to ancient Greece

Answer 39

C.) The weft threads in tapestries are always continuous

Question 40

If one were making jewelry, one might use a spring-ring clasp for all but which of the following items? * a) Necklace * b) Bracelet * c) Earring * d) Anklet

Answer 40

C.) Earring Spring-ring clasps are rings with tiny springs inside that allow the jewelry wearer to connect and disconnect two ends of a chain at will. They are used in chain jewelry such as necklaces, bracelets, and anklets.

Question 41

In photography, the amount of light to which film is exposed is influenced by the * a) depth of field and shutter speed * b) "rule of threes" and aperture * c) depth of field and f-number * d) aperture and shutter speed

Answer 41

D.) Aperture and shutter speed The aperture (size of the opening through which light enters the camera) and shutter speed (lenght of time during which light is allowed to enter the camera) influence the amount of light to which film is exposed

Question 42

When developing photographs in the darkroom, which of the following safety precautions is recommended? * a) using tongs to insert and remove photos from developer baths * b) wearing gloves, goggles and an apron to prevent injury from acid splashes * c) covering chemical baths when not in use * d) All of the above

Answer 42

D.) All of the above

Question 43

In digital imaging, a pixel is * a) a mechanical component of a digital camera * b) the tiniest unit of visual information in an image * c) a type of paper on which digital images are printed * d) a special lens used in digital cameras

Answer 43

B.) The tiniest unit of visual information in an image

Question 44

Which of the following is **_NOT_** a concept associated with contemporary performance art? * a) A hierarchy exists between the performer and the audience * b) The human body can be used as an artistic medium * c) the line between performance and daily life should be blurred * d) characterization and plot are secondary to the experience of the moment

Answer 44

A.) A hierarchy exists between the performer and the audience

Question 45

In order to create simple animation for a Web site, one would most likely use which of the following? * a) JavaScript * b) Adobe Flash * c) Microsoft PowerPoint * d) A digital camera

Answer 45

B) Adobe Flash

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of digital art? * a) Videography * b) Cinematography * c) Three-dimensional computer animation * d) Pixel art

Answer 46

B.) Cinematography

Question 47

Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of contemporary performance art (happenings, fluxus, and body art)? * a) Fusing art with daily life and inspiring social change * b) Creating objects of enduring beauty * c) Infusing art into daily life by decorating utilitarian objects * d) Achieving a well-defined political agenda through social commentary

Answer 47

A.) fusing art with daily life and inspiring social change

Question 48

The influence of Impressionist art can best be described as * a) ushering in social change through scathing social commentary * b) conveying its subjects' intense emotions * c) introducing a new interpretation of the concept of naturalism in art * d) triggering a strong backlash in favor of naturalistic depictions of the subject

Answer 48

C.) Introducing a new interpretation of the concept of naturalism in art Impressionists introduced a concept of naturalism that strived to accurately render light and color, as opposed to concentrating more on line and form.

Question 49

The Romantic movement in art was primarily a reaction against the * a) injustices of feudalism during the Middle Ages * b) minimalism of modern art * c) rationalism of the Age of Enlightenment and the industrial revolution * d) collectivism of Communist political philosophy

Answer 49

C.) Rationalism of the Age of Enlightenment and the industrial revolution Romantic artists emphasized emotion and individual heroism, in contrast to the focus on reason and logic that was the hallmark of the Age of Enlightenment

Question 50

Propoganda posters are * a) examples of decorative art * b) instances of the use of art to achieve political objectives * c) examples of art intended to achieve social change on a massive scale * d) always produced by social commentators

Answer 50

B.) instances of the use of art to achieve political objectives

Question 51

Which of the following is not a universal theme that appears in art from around the world? * a) scenes from everyday life * b) sporting events * c) nature * d) portraiture

Answer 51

B.) Sporting Events

Question 52

Which of the following is **_NOT_** true of the use of symbolism in art? * a) Artists must use symbols that transcend time and space * b) Even persons who do not understand the symbolism can enjoy symbolic paintings * c) Symbols are present in both traditional and modern art * d) symbols may have poltical, social or religious significances

Answer 52

A.) Artists must use symbols that transcend time and space

Question 53

The primary difference between Pointillist and Impressionist paintings is the * a) artitsts' intent * b) technique used by the artists * c) medium used by the artists * d) function of the artwork

Answer 53

B.) Technique used by the artists

Question 54

Islamic art primarily depicts * a) Arabic calligraphy * b) portraits of Mohammed and his family * c) scenes from teh Qur'an * d) portraits of Islamic leaders

Answer 54

A.) Ariabic calligraphy Since many Muslims believe that depiction of the human form and religious figures is a sin, much Islamic art features calligraphic renderings of the Arabic script instead of religious scenes featuring humans

Question 55

Which of he following countries features an abundance of Islamic art due to a centuries- long occupation by the Umayyad caliphate? * a) Italy * b) Brazil * c) Spain * d) Greece

Answer 55

C.) Spain

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT an art from associated with China? * a) The production of porcelain pottery * b) Calligraphy * c) Landscape paintings * d) Noh costume

Answer 56

D.) Noh Costume Noh costuming is associated with traditional **_Japanese_** Noh plays

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of indigenous Australian (aboriginal) art? * a) Uses media found in nature * b) Uses art to tell stories and record history * c) Often contains symbolism and iconography * d) Is no longer produced

Answer 57

D.) Is no longer produced

Question 58

The best-known artistic tradition of indigenous Polynesian inhabitants of Easter Island is * a) Basket weaving * b) Stone Sculptures * c) Murals * d) Clay Pottery

Answer 58

B.) Stone Sculptures

Question 59

Pre-Columbian art includes art from which of the following cultures? * a) Zulu * b) Islamic * c) Greek * d) Aztec

Answer 59

D.) Aztec

Question 60

Pre-Columbian cultures are best known for their * a) architecture * b) painting * c) calligraphy * d) porcelain

Answer 60

A.) Architecture

Question 61

Jackson Pollock's work is widely considered to be part of which of the following artistic movements? * a) Contemporary * b) Symbolist * c) Realist * d) Abstract Expressionist

Answer 61

D.) Abstract Expressionist

Question 62

Which of the following artistic movements, to which Salvador Dali belonged, produced paintings characterized by strange juxtapositions of unexpected subjects and elements? * a) Surrealism * b) Expressionism * c) Impressionism * d) Romanticism

Answer 62

A.) Surrealism

Question 63

Which two artists are regarded as the founders of the Cubist artistic movement? * a) Seurat and Matisse * b) Picasso and Braque * c) Gauguin and Picasso * d) El Greco and Picasso

Answer 63

B.) Picasso and Braque

Question 64

The famous stature David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel are both the work of which renowned Renaissance artist? * a) Raphael * b) Da Vinci * c) Botticelli * d) Michelangelo

Answer 64

D.) Michelangelo

Question 65

Which of the following artists is NOT associated with the American Pop Art movement of the 1950s and 60s? * a) Andrew Wyeth * b) Andy Warhol * c) Roy Lichtenstein * d) Tom Wesselmann

Answer 65

A.) Andrew Wyeth

Question 66

The work of American photographer Dorothea Lange is best characterized as a(n) * realistic depiction of the world of high fashion * attempt to document human suffering during the Great Depression * depiction of environmental devastation across the united States * series of photos celebrating American family life in small towns

Answer 66

B.) Attempt to document human suffering during the Great Depression

Question 67

Which of the following artistic elements is most commonly used to create the illusion of depth in a painting? * a) Balance * b) Line * c) Contrast * d) Symmetry

Answer 67

B.) Line

Question 68

Which of the following would plausibly explain two observers' differing evaluations of the same paintings? * a) Differing levels of artistic knowledge * b) Different vantage points * c) Different cultural beliefs and values * d) All of the above

Answer 68

D.) All of the above

Question 69

By correctly rendering proportion in her work, an artist can create which of the following artistic effects? * a) Emotion * b) Engergy * c) Realism * d) Rhythm

Answer 69

C.) Realism

Question 70

By using primarily green and blue hues in a painting, an artist would most likely convey a feeling of * a) excitement * b) warmth * c) jealousy * d) calm

Answer 70

D) Calm

Question 71

Natural subjects are most likely to * a) exhibit regular, geometric patterns * b) be accurately depicted in black and white * c) be asymmetrical or irregular * d) contain bold, parallel lines

Answer 71

C.) Be asymmetrical or irregular

Question 72

Petroglyphs engraved by ancient peoples give clues about the objects they depict primarily through their use of * a) positive and negative space * b) accurate rendering of proportion * c) familiar features of the objects * d) symbolic colors

Answer 72

C.) Familiar features of the objects They communicate their subject matter by emphasizing distinguishing features, such as horns on an animal or a hunter holding a spear

Question 73

Imagination would be the best source of inspiration for which of the following types of paintings? * a) A portrait of a nude subject painted from a photograph * b) An oil painting of the artist's hometown * c) A copy of original artwork * d) An abstract sculpture

Answer 73

D.) An abstract sculpture

Question 74

Visual literacy can best be described as the * a) ability to communicate through images and comprehend the messages contained in images * b) ability to construct 3-d images * c) incorporation of literary tet into works of art * d) incorporation of art into literary texts

Answer 74

A.) Ability to communicate through images and comprehend the messages contained in images

Question 75

In order to create a realistic sculptrue of a human subject, it would be most important that an art student be familiar with * a) techniques for accurately rendering perspective * b) the importance of correctly proportioning the figure * c) the use of shading to create the illusion of depth * d) techniques for incorporating geometric patterns into sculpture

Answer 75

B.) The importance of correctly proportioning the figure

Question 76

In the formalist model of art criticism, which of the following aspects of a work of art is most likely to be considered? * a) the use of compostional elements by the artist * b) the artist's intent * c) the artist's biography * d) the prevailing social and cultural influences at the time the work was created

Answer 76

A.) the use of compostional elements by the artist

Question 77

Famous art critic Charles Bauldelaire's statement that "criticism should be partisan, passionate, and political, that is to say, written from an exclusive point of view, but a point of view that opens up the widest horizons" suggests that art criticisim is * a) objective * b) subjective * c) based solely on aesthetics * d) based solely on consideration of the artist's intent

Answer 77

B.) Subjective Bauldelaire's use of the terms "partisan, passionate and political" indicates that he does not view art criticism as an objective exercise

Question 78

Which one of the following lists places the four steps of art criticism in the correct order? * a) Description, interpretation, analysis, and judgement * b) Description, interpretation, judgement, and analysis * c) Description, analysis, interpretation, and judgement * d) Description, analysis, judgment, and interpretation

Answer 78

C.) Description, analysis, interpretation, and judgement

Question 79

Which of the following would NOT be an effective way for a critic o participate in a public debate about a work of art? * a) Publishing an article in an academic journal * b) Speaking privately with the artist * c) Participating in a panel discussion that is open to the public * d) Discussing the artwork in a blog

Answer 79

B.) Speaking privately with the artist

Question 80

At whih of the following developmental stages would a student develop the ability to comprehend symbolism in art, according to the child development theorist Jean Piaget? * a) Sensorimotor * b) Preoperational * c) Concrete * d) Formal operations

Answer 80

C.) Concrete This stage which begins at about first grade and continues until early adolescence, is when children first develop the ability to think abstractly, and therefore would be able to understand the concept of symbolism.

Question 81

Traditionally visual artists have participated in performing arts in all but which of the following ways? * a) Designing costumes * b) Applyiing makeup * c) Designing sets * d) Casting performers

Answer 81

D.) Casting performers

Question 82

An art teacher wants to incorporate the subjects students are learning in their general education classes into his art lesson. Which of the following lessons could be incorporated into his art class? * a) A social studies lesson on political propaganda * b) A math lesson on data analysis * c) An English lesson about haiku * d) all of the above

Answer 82

D.) All of the above

Question 83

Mr. Walton asked each of his eighth-grade students to create three unique works of art expressing the concept of freedom. This activity is primarily aligned to which of the following learning goals? * a) Interpreting and evaluating artistic decisions in the artworks of others * b) Identifying and describing the main idea in artworks * c) Creating multiple solutions in art * d) Understanding and appreciating art from different cultures

Answer 83

C.) Creating multiple solutions in art

Question 84

Which of the following activities would be most appropriate for helping high school students develop an appreciation for the value and role of art in U.S. society? * a) Having students create a Power Point presentation about a famous American artist * b) Asking students to create a time line showing when famous works of American art were created * c) Taking students on a field trip to an art museum * d) Asking students to write an essay comparing and contrasting the influence that two famous American artists or artworks had on U.S. society

Answer 84

D.) Asking students to write an essay comparing and contrasting the influence that two famous American artists or artworks had on U.S. society

Question 85

Which of the following strategies would be the most effective way to support high school students when teaching them to identify the main idea in a work of art? * a) Giving them a "bank" of possible main ideas to choose from * b) Preteaching the background knowledge about the artwork that is needed to correctly find the main idea * c) Explaining the concept of a main idea in art * d) Allowing students to work in groups to find the main idea

Answer 85

B.) Preteaching the background knowledge about the artwork that is needed to correctly find the main idea

Question 86

The most developmentally appropriate way to give middle school students the opportunity to practice both critiquing and the artwork of others and defending their own artistic choices would be to * a) have the class critique a particular student's work, and then have the student defend his or her work in an oral presentation to the class * b) have students write a paper criticizing the work of a famous artist * c) have students critique one another's artwork and defend their own work in small groups * d) assign students randomly to critique each other's work

Answer 86

C.) have students critique one another's artwork and defend their own work in small groups This activity would give the students the opportunity to defend and critique in an environment that would be safer and more conducive to learning than the large-group setting.

Question 87

An art teacher is designing lesson objectives that devlop students' visual literacy. Which of the following lesson objectives would be highest on Benjamin Bloom's Taxonomy of cognitive levels? * a) The student will evaluate an artists's use of the elements of composition * b) the student will know the artist and time period associated with famous works of art. * c) the student will comprehend that artists often use symbolism in their work * d) the students will apply knowledge of drawing techniques that create the illusion of depth

Answer 87

A.) the student will evaluate the artists's use of the elements of composition

Question 88

Which of the following seating arrangements would be most apporopriate for an art room? * a) idvidual desks for each student aranged in rows * b) individual desks for each student arranged in groups of four * c) Tables pused against the wall, with students facing the wall * d) Tables arranged so that students can face the front of the room

Answer 88

D.) Tables arranged so that students can face the front of the room

Question 89

An art class is creating etchings using etching needles. Which one of the following safety precautions is most important for students to follow? * a) Ensuring that the etching surface is wetted so that etching will be easier * b) Washing and drying the needles after use * c) Using an etching motion in which the artist's hand moves *_away_* from the body * d) Using an etching motion in which the artist's hand moves *_toward_* the body

Answer 89

C.) Using an etching motion in which the artist's hand moves away from the body

Question 90

In order to teach a safety technique to students, the best method for a teacher to use is to * a) show how to execute the technique while explaining it verbally, and then closely supervise students as they begin to practice it themselves * b) demonstrate the consequenes of not executing the technique properly * c) verbally explain the technique to students * d) give students written instructions to follow while they perform the technique themselves

Answer 90

A.) Show how to execute the technique while explaining it verbally, and then closely supervise students as they begin to practice it themselves

Question 91

An art teacher is planning to teach her seventh-grade class how to create drawings that accurately render perspective using a single vantage point. Which of the following lesson plans would be most appropriate? * a) Giving students an exemplar drawing and asking them to copy it * b) delivering a mini lesson in which the terms "perspective" and "vanishing point" are defined and then asking students to create their own drawings using these concepts * c) asking students to observe while the teacher composes an entire drawing with a single vanishing point * d) briefly modeling the technique for incorporating perspective into a drawing, having students attempt to replicate the example with the teacher's guidance, and then having students attempt to create their own drawings using the technique

Answer 91

D.) Briefly modeling the technique for incorporating perspective into a drawing, having students attempt to replicate the example with the teacher's guidance, and then having students create their own drawings

Question 92

A highschool art teacher has given her students an academic article about art criticism to read for homework. In order to facilitate students' comprehension of this content-area text, the most appropriate strategy would be to * a) Include illustrations with the text * b) Read the first paragraph aloud in class * c) Give students a vocabulary list with definitions of difficult words * d) tell the students to ask their parents about words they don't know or look the up in a dictionary

Answer 92

C.) Give students a vocabulary list with definitions of difficult words

Question 93

A ninth-grade art class is using the internet to conduct research on famous artists and artworks. Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate for helping students evaluate the accuracy of information that they find? * a) Only allow students to use a specific list of approved web sites * b) encourage students to verify information by confirming it with multiple sources * c) tell students to trust only information that they find on web sites with .edu or .org addresses * d) require students to verify their facts using a printed source

Answer 93

B.) Encourage students to verify information by confirming it with multiple sources

Question 94

An art teacher wants to create a slideshow of famous works of art from the Renaissance. Which of the following technologies would the teacher most likely use? * a) Adobe Flash * b) Adobe Illustrator * c) Microsoft Power Point * d) Windows Movie Maker

Answer 94

C.) Microsoft Power Point

Question 95

An Art teacher is working with sixth-grade students who need extra help comprehending the textbook they are using in art class. When the students encounter an unfamiliar word they cannot comprehend using context, the most logical strategy for them to use next would be to look up the word in * a) a dictionary * b) the textbook's index * c) the textbook's glossary * d) a thesaurus

Answer 95

C.) The textbook's glossary

Question 96

A teacher would be most likely to give a formative assessment * a) at the end of a daily lesson to gather data to help future lessons * b) at the end of an insrtuctional unit to assess student's mastery * c) before a standardized test to predict students' perfromance levels * d) when the teacher suspects a student may need special education services

Answer 96

A.) At the end of a daily lesson to gather data to help plan future lessons

Question 97

A rubric would not be an appropriate evaluation tool for which of the following tpes of student activities? * a) A summative assessment with multiple-choice questions * b) a project in which students write a report and deliver a presentation about a famous work of art * c) a summative assessment in which students create a portfolio demonstrating their mastery of various photographic techniques * d) a fromative assessment in which students write a brief paragraph analyzing an artist's use of the elements of composistion

Answer 97

A.) A summative assessment with multiple-choice questions Rubrics are tools for grading student work with multiple facets and dimensions

Question 98

A teacher would select a process-oriented portfolio assessment instead of a product-oriented portfolio assessment when * a) demonstrating a student's mastery of a learning objective is more important than showing growth in the student's abilities. * b) demonstrating growth in a student's abilities is more important than demonstrating that a student has mastered a learning objective. * c) the teacher wants to adminster a summative assessment, rather than a formative assessment * d) a student is recieving special education services

Answer 98

B.) Demonstrating growth in a student's abilities is more important than demonstrating that a student has mastered a learning objective

Question 99

The main advantage of using performance assessments is that they * a) can be graded more easily * b) allow students to interact with their peers and develop social skills * c) give teachers a more authentic picture of students' capabilities * d) eliminate the need for summative assessments

Answer 99

C.) Give teachers a more authentic picture of student's capabilities

Question 100

Which of the following is **_NOT_** true of careers in the art industry? * a) The majority of artists are self-employed * b) Few artists bother earning postsecondary degrees or certificates * c) Competition is keen for salaried jobs in the art industry * d) Annual earnings for artists vary widely

Answer 100

B.) Few artists bother earning postsecondary degrees or certificates

Question 101

A student who excels at both drawing and science, but who prefers not to work in a supervisory role, would probably be best suited to which of the following professions? * a) Graphic Design * b) Art Director * c) Museum curator * d) Medical Illustrator

Answer 101

D.) Medical Illustrator

Question 102

Which of the following best describes the role of a curator in an art museum? * a) The curator is responsible for guiding tours and supervising guest in the museum * b) A curator is primarily responsible for the care and restoration of paintings * c) the museum curator's main job is to verify the authenticity of paintings * d) Art museum curators make decisions about the pruchase, loan, and display of art collections

Answer 102

D) Art museum curators make decisions about the purchase, loan and display of art collections

Question 103

The purpose of an artist portfolio is most often to * a) demonstrate an artist's capabilities * b) communicate past work history and education * c) teach an artist's students * d) include all artwork for copyright purposes

Answer 103

A.) Demonstrate an artist's capabilities

Question 104

The Red Tree illustrates the use of which of the following principles of design? A. Radial symmetry with a central emphass B. Dynamic balance around a vertical axis C. Complex figure on a simple ground D. Exaggerated proportion

Answer 104

Option (B) is correct. The tree's trunk and the branches that extend to the right create an arc. A vertical axis placed at the highest point of the tree would show balanced left and right halves of the image. They are not symmetrical, because the shapes on either side are not the same, but the thick trunk is balanced by the greater area of lighter branches on the right.

Question 105

A line that crosses a surface and defines changes in the surface of the form is known as a A. calligraphic line B. cross-contour line C. contour line D. hatching

Answer 105

B. cross-contour line ## Footnote Cross-contour line refers to the use of lines, usually in parallel groups, that are drawn across a shape to show form and volume

Question 106

The use of color and shape in the sculpture reflect its association with A. Neo-Expressionism B. Formalism C. Cubism D. Art Deco

Answer 106

B. Formalism ## Footnote Formalist art plays down content and instead emphasizes the principles of design and the elements used to express them. In this sculpture, though the title refers to recognizable objects, the objects are represented by simple, geometric forms; the content could not be discerned simply by looking at the work.

Question 107

Exposure to photography led artists such as Mary Cassatt and Edgar Degas to A. reduce decorative motifs in their work radically B. compose work so that subject matter appears cropped C. blur distant objects in landscapes to suggest spirituality D. make multiple, slightly different representations of a subject

Answer 107

B. compose work so that subject matter appears cropped ## Footnote As photography developed, the intrinsic framing device of the lens was used to isolate subject matter in ways that differed from traditional Western compositional strategies. As the lens "found" the content, objects or spaces were often cut off at the composition's margins. Cassatt and Degas were among the artists who adapted this strategy for their own work.

Question 108

Which of the following terms refers to the surface texture of paper? A. Grain B. Support C. Tooth D. Sizing

Answer 108

C. Tooth The tooth of a piece of paper is a factor in determining the media that can be used on it. For example, chalk pastels require paper with a noticeable tooth to catch the fine particles of color; other media, such as pen and ink, can be used on paper with virtually no tooth.

Question 109

Which of the following is a technique that involves brushing paint over a dried layer of paint so that the dried layer shows through? A. Sizing B. Stumping C. Scumbling D. Stippling

Answer 109

C. Scumbling The term “scumbling” refers to a technique in which a layer of opaque or semiopaque paint is lightly applied over a dried layer so that the dried layer of paint is not completely hidden and shows through irregularly. The top layer of paint has an uneven, broken effect.

Question 110

Which of the following are accurate statements about monoprinting? Select all that apply. A. Both water-based and oil-based inks can be used to produce monoprints. B. The time required to create a single print is generally longer than the time required for other printmaking processes. C. Monoprinting is well suited to the creation of loose and expressive images. D. Monoprinting is a particularly effective way to produce a large edition of identical prints.

Answer 110

Options (A) and (C) are correct. Monoprinting does not limit the artist to either water-based or oil-based ink and the choice between them is likely to be made according to the context; for example, working in a professional printmaking studio as opposed to working in a situation where toxicity and ease of cleanup are greater concerns. Ink can be applied to a monoprint plate in a wide variety of ways, including direct painting with ink and/or solvent, making marks in the ink after it is rolled out on the plate, laying paper directly on the inked plate and then drawing, and so on.

Question 111

Which of the following digital camera settings controls the length of time during which light can enter the camera? A. White balance B. F-stop C. Bracketing D. Shutter speed

Answer 111

D. Shutter speed

Question 112

A megapixel is composed of A. one hundred pixels B. one thousand pixels C. one hundred thousand pixels D. one million pixels

Answer 112

D.) One million pixels

Question 113

In digital photography, image sharpness is determined by A. reticulation B. resolution C. f-stop D. shutter speed

Answer 113

B. Resolution In digital photography, resolution refers to the amount of detail an image can hold. Since more detail results in more sharpness, it is resolution that determines image sharpness in digital photography.

Question 114

The quality of a digital image printed on paper is most closely tied to which of the following factors? A. The dots per inch (dpi) of ink or toner on the paper B. The camera used to photograph the image C. Whether the image is in color or black and white D. Whether the paper is smooth or lightly textured

Answer 114

A. The dots per inch (dpi) of ink or toner on the paper Print resolution, represented by dots per inch or dpi, is most closely tied to print quality. A greater number of pixels, or dots, within the same area will produce prints that are sharper and that capture more detail.

Question 115

A designer who carefully selects a particular typeface to use in a design is likely to be most concerned with the A. history of the use of the typeface B. exact shapes of the letters C. familiarity or novelty of the typeface to the general public D. size difference between the capital and lowercase letters

Answer 115

B. exact shapes of the letters ## Footnote The shapes of the letters in a typeface necessarily have a critical impact on the overall look of the design. Depending on the content, the designer might want to be bold, delicate, simple, decorative, and so on. In addition, the letter shapes together comprise the overall shape of each word.

Question 116

Which of the following pieces of equipment can be used in a ceramics studio to create desired forms? A. Burin B. Lathe C. Extruder D. Bezel

Answer 116

C. Extruder

Question 117

All of the following terms refer to ways of joining two pieces of metal EXCEPT A. soldering B. riveting C. forging D. welding

Answer 117

C.) Forging Forging is a traditional method that blacksmiths have used in which metal is heated and then shaped with a hammer. Each of the other terms refers to a process that is used to join metal pieces.

Question 118

The term "lost wax" refers to A. a technique of casting metal in a plaster mold B. a step in developing an image on fabric in batik making C. the use of wax as an encaustic medium in painting D. the process of buffing colored pencil images to make them glossy

Answer 118

A.) A technique of casting metal in a plaster mold A metal object made through the lost-wax process begins with a wax model of the finished product around which a plaster mold is made. When the mold is heated, the wax melts and runs out (or is "lost"). Molten metal is then cast in the mold to create the finished work.

Question 119

Which of the following are appropriate ways to produce a textured surface on a moist clay project that is going to be fired? Select all that apply. A. Pushing and pinching with one’s fingers B. Embedding small fired pottery shards C. Digging parallel channels with a comb D. Using slip to press on scored pieces of moist clay

Answer 119

Options (A), (C), and (D) are correct. A moist clay project retains enough elasticity for the surface to be textured either by using one’s fingers or by using any of various objects, such as a comb. Slip can be used to press pieces of moist clay onto the project, and since the basic form and the decorative pieces are in a similar state, the whole can be fired without causing problems.

Question 120

Of the following, the type of ceramic product that requires the highest firing temperature is A. terracotta B. stoneware C. raku D. true porcelain

Answer 120

D.) True porcelain

Question 121

Electric mixers, window screens, lint from a clothes dryer, deckles, and couch sheets are typically used for A. dyeing fabric B. making mobiles C. making paper D. building furniture models

Answer 121

C). Making paper

Question 122

To create intricately patterned batiks, Javanese artists work in stages using which of the following techniques? A. They crumple the raw fabric throughout the dyeing process. B. They tie synthetic threads tightly around pleated fabric. C. They apply layers of bleach to strongly colored fabric. D. They work with progressively darker dye colors.

Answer 122

Option (D) is correct. Batik is the traditional textile art form of Indonesia. The design traditionally begins with a wax design applied to a piece of white cotton fabric. Artists paint with hot melted wax on the dry fabric using a tool called a tjanting. The fabric is then placed in a light-colored dye bath. After the fabric is dry, a new layer of wax pattern is applied and the fabric is dyed with a new color. As each new layer of wax pattern is applied, the fabric is dipped in progressively darker dyes (or left in dye baths for longer periods of time for a darker result) resulting in elaborate patterns.

Question 123

The process of preparing or threading a frame for weaving is referred to as A. drafting the weave B. warping the loom C. beating the weft D. preparing the heading

Answer 123

B. warping the loom

Question 124

Which of the following adhesives is archival and safest to use when hinging a two-dimensional artwork to museum board? A. Masking tape B. Wheat paste C. Acrylic medium D. Glue stick

Answer 124

B. Wheat paste It is important for artwork mounting systems to provide sufficient strength, age well, have no tendency to discolor, and be easily removed (reversible). The safest archival mounting choice for two-dimensional artwork, according to museum conservators, utilizes a starch-based adhesive with acid-free paper hinges.

Question 125

The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci deteriorated rapidly as a result of his decision to A. paint directly on wet rather than dry plaster B. use an experimental paint made of oil and tempera C. leave the painting unvarnished D. suspend the canvas directly from the refectory wall

Answer 125

B. use an experimental paint made of oil and tempera A true fresco is created by painting on wet plaster and is usually long lasting. Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper is not a fresco. Instead Leonardo decided to experiment by applying oil and tempera paint on a dry plaster ground. Unfortunately, the work began deteriorating rapidly as a result of his decision and has required much painstaking restoration work through the years.

Question 126

Daguerreotypes are a type of A. lithograph B. engraving C. woodcut D. photograph

Answer 126

D. photograph

Question 127

Which of the following describe the goals of the artists associated with the Art Nouveau movement? Select all that apply. A. To revitalize the arts with a unifying style of flowing organic forms B. To popularize the historical prototypes sanctioned by the French Academy C. To emphasize the role of the unconscious in the production of art D. To create art suited to the realities of the industrial age

Answer 127

Option (A) and (D) are correct. Artists associated with the Art Nouveau movement sought to create works of art that were suited to the realities of the industrial age and in which fine and decorative art were integrated into a unified whole. They frequently incorporated modern materials and organic forms in the creation of art, decorative objects, and architecture.

Question 128

Of the following, the decorative motifs of the eighteenth-century architect Robert Adam are most similar to those found on A. Wedgwood pottery B. Roman fresco C. chinoiserie furniture D. Art Nouveau glassware

Answer 128

A. Wedgwood pottery It is no coincidence that the decorative motifs of the eighteenth-century interior design of Robert Adam are similar to those found on Wedgwood pottery. Josiah Wedgwood was a personal friend of Adam and a great follower of contemporary taste and fashion. After the Neoclassical style was popularized by architects like Adam, Wedgwood went to work in order to develop a new ceramic body that would harmonize with the pastel shades of Adam’s interior walls and delicate white plasterwork. After nearly 3,000 tries, he succeeded in creating Wedgwood pottery’s signature pastel-colored jasperware with white relief ornamentation.

Question 129

The sculpture shown is an example of which art-historical style? A. Classical Greek B. Roman Republican C. Hellenistic D. Imperial Roman

Answer 129

D. Imperial Roman

Question 130

The eighteenth-century painter and graphic artist William Hogarth produced a series of pictures that functioned chiefly as A. social satire B. landscape travel views C. lessons from the Bible D. historical narratives

Answer 130

A. social satire William Hogarth examined the mores and activities of the social and economic classes in his satirical moral works, which were painted and later engraved. In A Harlot’s Progress (1732) he shows the downward spiral in the life of a prostitute. A Rake’s Progress (1735) looks at the newly prosperous middle class, and Marriage à la mode (1745) portrays upper-middle-class society.

Question 131

The New York artist Jean-Michel Basquiat is most closely associated with which of the following art movements? A. Neo-Conceptualism B. Neo-Dada C. Neo-Pop D. Neo-Expressionism

Answer 131

D. Neo-Expressionism Jean-Michel Basquiat began his career as a graffiti artist when he was a teenager in New York City in the late 1970s. By 1982, Basquiat’s Neo-Expressionist paintings were being shown regularly in high-profile galleries and exhibitions alongside works from Julian Schnabel, David Salle, Francesco Clemente, and other Neo-Expressionist artists. Basquiat received tremendous popular and critical acclaim as an international art star and a leading figure in the Neo-Expressionist movement.

Question 132

Knowledge of Byzantine art before the ninth century is fragmented, largely because of the A. Arab overthrow of the emperor Constantine B. influence of Persian religious cults in Byzantium C. iconoclasts’ destruction of icons during the eighth century D. lack of devotion to icons before the ninth century

Answer 132

C. iconoclasts’ destruction of icons during the eighth century In general, “iconoclasm” refers to the destruction of images for religious or political reasons. In the eighth and early ninth centuries, there was a wave of iconoclasm that resulted in a ban on religious figurative images. Many Byzantine icons were destroyed during this period.

Question 133

Judy Chicago’s Dinner Party celebrates A. traditional family values, with an emphasis on motherhood B. the first Thanksgiving celebrated by the Pilgrims C. the role of women as food providers D. the achievements and contributions of women throughout history

Answer 133

D. the achievements and contributions of women throughout history ## Footnote Celebrating the achievements of women throughout history, the “table” created for Judy Chicago’s Dinner Party is set with 39 place settings, each dedicated to an important woman (e.g., Georgia O’Keefe, Susan B. Anthony, Sojourner Truth); the names of 999 additional “women of achievement” are inscribed on the floor of the piece.

Question 134

Art patronage during the Dutch Baroque age expanded from preceding periods to include A. the Catholic Church B. salon groups C. art museums D. the middle class

Answer 134

D. the middle class During the Dutch Baroque period, a surge in economic prosperity produced wealthy middle-class patrons eager to buy art. Art began to function like a commodity with middle class taste shaping the market. Artists began to specialize in popular subject matter, including scenes of everyday life, and even began hiring apprentices to make copies of popular artwork to sell to this newly expanded group of art patrons.

Question 135

The paintings of Albert Bierstadt, of the Hudson River School, reinforced the American idea of Manifest Destiny by typically depicting A. dark, poignant scenes of immigrant life B. beautifully rendered botanical illustrations C. gritty, crowded city street scenes D. idealized landscapes bathed in glowing light

Answer 135

D. idealized landscapes bathed in glowing light The concept of Manifest Destiny is most often associated with the belief that the United States was destined to expand across the entire continent. Albert Bierstadt (1830–1902) was the first internationally recognized artist to depict the American West, and his monumental paintings of western panoramas were wildly popular with the public. His series of landscape paintings showed vistas from the western frontier that were bathed in golden light, and these idealized images helped strengthen the idea and appeal of Manifest Destiny with the public.

Question 136

In jewelry making, which of the following is a process in which fine metal wire is used to organize colors that are fused into hard enamel-like surfaces? A. Cloisonné B. Encaustic C. Glazing D. Engobe

Answer 136

A. Cloisonné In jewelry making, cloisonné is the process in which fine metal wire is used to create small cellular units that are each filled with a color; the piece is then fired, resulting in hard enamel-like surfaces. Cloisonné has been used as a decorative technique since ancient times both in Asia, particularly China and Japan, and in European cultures.

Question 137

To serve their function as places of spiritual renewal, classical Japanese Zen gardens typically contain which of the following? A. Cascading waterfalls B. Bridges crossing koi ponds C. Flower plantings arranged in symbolic patterns D. Rocks encircled by raked patterns in white gravel

Answer 137

D. Rocks encircled by raked patterns in white gravel Classical Japanese Zen gardens are dry gardens that feature arrangements of prominently placed rocks surrounded by raked water-like patterns in sand or gravel. The flowing patterns represent water and, consequently, the still waters of the mind.

Question 138

A Mesoamerican stone sculpture depicting a large figure reclining with a bowl in its lap is commonly referred to as A. a Chac Mool B. a Coatlicue figure C. a totem D. an odalisque

Answer 138

A. a Chac Mool "Chac Mool" is the term used to refer to the large number of reclining offertory male figures archaeologically unearthed in modern times. Of these ancient pre-Columbian sculptures, the best-known group resides at the Temple of Warriors, Chichen Itza, Mexico.

Question 139

The concept of the sublime is best defined as an experience that provokes a sense of A. tranquility B. pity C. awe D. confusion

Answer 139

C. awe The aesthetic concept concerning the sublime was taken up in earnest in eighteenth-century England. A sublime quality in nature is distinct from beauty and is best defined as an experience that provokes a sense of awe.

Question 140

Semiotic theory is associated with which of the following? A. Literal approaches to life B. Signs and symbols in language C. Scientific methodologies D. Direct sensory perceptions

Answer 140

B. Signs and symbols in language A branch of modern linguistics, semiotics is best defined as the study of signs, symbols, and sign-using behavior, especially in language. According to semiotic theory, language comprises words, images, sounds, gestures, and objects. Beginning in the 1970s, semiotics emerged as a useful framework for analyzing phenomena in a variety of fields including art and visual culture.

Question 141

The philosopher Arthur Danto laid the groundwork for an institutional theory of art that rests on which of the following ideas? A. Art is an imitation of an imitation. B. Art is expressing oneself. C. Art is the human rage for chaos. D. Art is determined by the artworld.

Answer 141

D. Art is determined by the artworld. ## Footnote Danto actually coined the term “artworld” by which he meant “an atmosphere of artistic theory, a knowledge of the history of art.” In his writing, he compared the evolution of the artworld to that of ever-changing scientific theories. Basically, Danto theorized art is art when it has been intentionally presented for inclusion in the artworld, which is the beginning of the institutional theory of art put forth by George Dickie.

Question 142

Which of the following terms refers to the analysis of the symbols, themes and subject matter in the visual arts? A. Iconographic B. Stylistic C. Visual D. Contextual

Answer 142

A. Iconographic Iconographic analysis specifically concerns itself with symbols, themes and subject matter of works of art in order to establish the meaning an artwork had at the time it was created.

Question 143

In the 1800s, the painting shown created a controversy among art critics primarily because the artist painted A. a young man dressed in a military uniform B. an unflattering political image C. a portrait in a limited primary color range D. a flattened figure with few shadows and little modeling

Answer 143

D. a flattened figure with few shadows and little modeling Édouard Manet’s painting The Fifer, while now recognized as a masterpiece of early modernism, was not well appreciated in the artist’s own time. The painting depicts a teenage musician from a ceremonial military band. Rather than model his subject conventionally using Renaissance chiaroscuro, the artist shocked critics by choosing to render the figure brightly lit from the front with little modeling and only a hint of shadow behind, giving the painting a curious flatness. The painting was refused at the Paris Salon of 1866 under the pretext that the modeling was flat. The painting was exhibited in 1867 and included in the major retrospective exhibition of Manet’s work after his death in 1883. The Fifer currently resides in the Musée d’Orsay in Paris, France.

Question 144

The Fauves (“wild beasts”) were given this name by an art critic, in part because of their striking use of A. line B. color C. shape D. texture

Answer 144

B. color At the beginning of the twentieth century, Henri Matisse and André Derain led a group of artists who painted with bold, vivid color. In 1905 the Salon d’Automne held an exhibition at the Grand Palais in Paris, which included several works by Matisse, Derain, and others in the group. At this exhibition the nickname “les fauves,” which means “wild beasts,” was coined by art critic Louis Vauxcelles. After viewing the 1905 exhibit, Vauxcelles described the scene as “Donatello au mileau des fauves!” (Donatello among the wild beasts!). The art group was, henceforth, called “fauves,” and the first art movement of the modern age became known as “Fauvism.”

Question 145

Which of the following is a feature of Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling that was revealed after the ceiling had been cleaned, altering critical understanding of the ceiling? A. A structural grid B. A hidden self-portrait C. Passages of text D. Vibrant colors

Answer 145

D. Vibrant colors Many consider Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes, finished over five hundred years ago, to be the greatest work of art in the Western world. In 1980, the Vatican announced restoration plans for this famous work. Although still controversial, the cleaning of Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes revealed vivid colors that surprised people. Arguably the greatest art conservation project of the twentieth century, the project cost millions of dollars, took twelve years to complete, and brought together an international team of the greatest conservationists and art historians of the time.