1
Q
Visible light ranges from ______________.
a. 1-200 nm
b. 400-700 nm
c. 700-2000 nm
d. 400-600 nm
A
b. 400-700 nm
2
Q
What physicist first pointed out the concept known as Fluorescence?
a. TJ David
b. MN Sobel
c. George G. Stokes
d. Both A & B
A
c. George G. Stokes
3
Q
When photographing fluorescent evidence, the proper exposure is ____________.
a. 2 stops less than the camera’s exposure meter recommendation
b. 2 stops more than the camera’s exposure meter recommendation
c. 1 stop less than the camera’s exposure meter recommendation
d. 1 stop more than the camera’s exposure meter recommendation
A
a. 2 stops less than the camera’s exposure meter recommendation
4
Q
What is the standard recommended exposure for luminol?
a. f/5.6, 60s, 400 ISO
b. f/8, 90s, 200 ISO
c. f/5.6, 90s, 400 ISO
d. f/8, 1/60s, 200 ISO
A
c. f/5.6, 90s, 400 ISO
5
Q
GSR will absorb IR light.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
6
Q
When using a UV light, you should use a _______.
a. Yellow filter
b. Orange filter
c. Red filter
d. Green filter
A
a. Yellow filter
7
Q
What does RUVIS stand for?
a. Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging Software
b. Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging System
c. Reflected Ultraviolet Indication software
d. Reflected Ultraviolet International System
A
b. Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging System
8
Q
What is the optimal time period for deep muscle bruising to be visualized with reflected UV photography?
a. 3 weeks to 5 months
b. 2 weeks to 3 months
c. 1 month to 2 months
d. 3 weeks to 4 months
A
a. 3 weeks to 5 months
9
Q
Who suggested that luminol be thickened by food thickener, so it doesn’t run on a vertical surface?
a. M. Dawn Watkins
b. TJ David
c. Robert Cheeseman
d. None of the above. This is not a suggested technique.
A
c. Robert Cheeseman
10
Q
Bone fragments can fluoresce.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
11
Q
The “primary subject” of a photograph refers to a single object within the composition
a. True
b. False
A
b. False
12
Q
Sometimes the most effective exposure is an “incorrect” exposure.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
13
Q
Keeping the film plane parallel refers to keeping the length of the lens perpendicular to the subject
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
14
Q
The best means of optimizing crime scene photography is ______.
a. Fill the frame
b. Maximize depth of field
c. Keep the film plane parallel
d. All of the above
A
d. All of the above
15
Q
Which of the following refers to eliminating irrelevant subject matter in the photographs?
a. Fill the frame
b. Maximize depth of field
c. Keep the film plane parallel
d. All of the above
A
a. Fill the frame
16
Q
If it appears impossible to eliminate your shadow from the field of view, the best alternative is to _______.
a. Use fill flash
b. Adjust the aperture
c. Fill the entire area with shadow
d. Take the photo at a late time when the sun is in a better position
A
c. Fill the entire area with shadow
17
Q
The best way to “soften” a “hard” shadow created by an oblique flash is to _____.
a. Position the flash 90 degrees
b. Bounce the flash from a reflective surface such as white paper
c. Move the item to an environment in which a flash is not needed
d. Hard shadows are acceptable and should be left as is
A
b. Bounce the flash from a reflective surface such as white paper
18
Q
Lens flare is the optical effect when the sun is directly in front of the camera and creates images of lens optical elements and the aperture opening on the film/sensor
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
19
Q
The use of a large aperture setting results in a larger depth of field
a. True
b. False
A
b. False
20
Q
For close-up/comparison quality photographs, a diagonal view is appropriate to make sure the entire subject is in view
a. True
b. False
A
b. False
20
Q
Hyperfocal focus involves a finite background in the composition
a. True
b. False
A
b. False
21
Q
When taking midrange photographs, the photographer should for a right triangle with the subject and a fixed feature
a. True
b. False
A
b. False
22
Q
This is the ability of the camera system to distinguish groups of alternating line pairs as the lines become increasingly thinner and they become increasingly closer together
a. Resolution
b. Acutance
c. Sharpness
d. None of the above
A
a. Resolution
23
Q
100 ISO black and white film has a higher resolution than digital cameras
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
24
Set by NIST, the minimum resolution for a fax of a 10-print card for examination is __.
a. 500 pixels per inch at 2:1
b. 1000 pixels per inch at 1:1
c. 1500 pixels per inch at 2:1
d. 250 pixels per inch at 1:1
b. 1000 pixels per inch at 1:1
25
It is sometimes necessary to take overlapping photographs in order to achieve the best resolution
a. True
b. False
a. True
26
This refers to the camera’s ability to render a sharp edge of the subject as a sharp edge in the photograph.
a. Resolution
b. Acutance
c. Sharpness
d. All of the above
b. Acutance
27
This is the concept that as long as the light reflected from a single point in space enters the lens and remains a circle rather than coming together at the sensor as a specific point, the image with be out of focus
a. Circles of light
b. Circles of focus
c. Circles of confusion
d. Circles of images
c. Circles of confusion
28
This refers to an image being in focus
a. Resolution
b. Acutance
c. Sharpness
d. None of the above
d. None of the above
29
Manual focusing is the most appropriate technique when photographing a single item while assuming a diagonal point of view
a. True
b. False
b. False
30
Autofocus is best used when
a. The photographer is inexperienced
b. The option is available
c. During daytime photography
d. When there is only one main subject in the field of view
d. When there is only one main subject in the field of view
31
If an item is focused using a telephoto lens, it is necessary to re-focus the item if a different focal length is selected to photograph at the same time
a. True
b. False
b. False
32
Pre-focusing the camera involves focusing on an item the furthest from the camera in the field of view
a. True
b. False
b. False
33
When composing an entire area as your primary subject, only the item of interest needs to be in focus
a. True
b. False
b. False
34
When hyperfocal focusing, an f/4 can be selected, and the camera can be focused on an item 60 feet away
a. True
b. False
b. False
35
The rule of thirds is a guideline that states
a. The depth of field extends 1/3 in front of the point of exact focus and 2/3 behind
b. The depth of field extends 2/3 in front of the point of exact focus and 1/3 behind
c. The depth of field extends 1/3 in front of the point of exact focus, 1/3 through the point of exact focus, and 1/3 behind
d. Any of the above can be true depending on the camera settings
a. The depth of field extends 1/3 in front of the point of exact focus and 2/3 behind
36
The rule of thirds will not apply to close-up photography
a. True
b. False
a. True
37
It is possible to focus for UV light using information provided by an IR adjustment indicator
a. True
b. False
a. True
38
The wider the aperture, the larger the depth of field
a. True
b. False
b. False
39
Which of the following on the camera corrects for the photographer’s eye quality
a. Optical corrector
b. Diopter adjustment
c. Vision sensor
d. There is nothing on a camera to correct the photographer’s vision
b. Diopter adjustment
40
What camera variables directly affect the depth of field range
a. f/stop selection
b. Lens selection
c. Distance from camera to subject
d. All of the above
e. A & B only
d. All of the above
41
“Normal” lenses will have a better depth of field than a telephoto lens
a. True
b. False
a. True
42
Enhancing the depth of field when taking close-up photographs of small items requires a change in f/stop
a. True
b. False
b. False
43
The distance in millimeters between the optical center and the sensor when the camera is focused on infinity is
a. Depth of field
b. Working Distance
c. Focal length
d. None of the above
c. Focal length
44
“Fast” and “Slow” when used in terms of lenses refers to the lens speed
a. True
b. False
b. False
45
The magnification of a telephoto lens can be calculated by dividing the focal length by 2
a. True
b. False
b. False
46
Which of the following is considered a “normal” lens
a. 35mm
b. 50mm
c. Macro lens
d. Telephoto lens
b. 50mm
47
Which of the following types of lenses will elongate the distance between the foreground and background
a. Wide angle
b. Telephoto
c. 50 mm
d. Macro
a. Wide angle
47
Which of the following is a defect in an image produced by a lens that reduces the resolution of the image
a. Diffraction
b. Distraction
c. Distortion
d. Aberration
d. Aberration
48
Some digital cameras will have a focal length multiplier because
a. The lens is too short to properly capture the image
b. The environment is too dark
c. It will prevent camera shake when being handheld
d. The digital sensor is smaller than the film negative equivalent
d. The digital sensor is smaller than the film negative equivalent
49
For adequate magnification, it is recommended that a lens is used that has a focal length of 2mm per foot of distance between the camera and the subject
a. True
b. False
a. True
50
A wide-angle lens gives an increased depth of field; however, it should not be used for crime scene work
a. True
b. False
a. True
51
Which of the following are options to magnify small objects to fill the frame of the photograph
a. Macro lens
b. Close-up filters
c. An extension tube
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
52
Which of the following is the bending of light when it strikes an edge causing a loss of resolution, a loss of edge sharpness, and a loss of clarity in an image
a. Distortion
b. Diffraction
c. Aberration
d. Deflection
b. Diffraction
53
It is recommended that the two widest and two smallest apertures be used when taking examination quality photographs
a. True
b. False
b. False
54
The area of light that is the result of the light bending around an opaque disk is called
a. Poisson’s spot
b. Newton’s light
c. Huygen’s Wave Theory
d. Airy disk
a. Poisson’s spot
55
When an image shows straight lines at the edges appearing to be bent outward usually by using a wide-angle lens, the effect is referred to as
a. Diffraction
b. Barrel distortion
c. Pincushion distortion
d. Fisheye effect
b. Barrel distortion
56
Pincushion distortion is an effect of the use of a wide-angle lens
a. True
b. False
b. False
57
In manual flash mode, the full power of the flash is used each time the flash is fired. Since the flash is used to photograph objects at different distances, the usual way to alter exposures is to change shutter speed
a. True
b. False
b. False
57
When using a flash, the proper f/stop can be calculated by dividing the distance between the photographer and the subject by the guide number
a. True
b. False
b. False
57
The flash guide number is a means to discuss a flash unit’s relative output power
a. True
b. False
a. True
58
Which of the following is the fastest shutter speed at which cameras should be set whenever an electronic flash is used
a. Guide number
b. Sync speed
c. Flash speed
d. 1/125th second
b. Sync speed
59
It is appropriate to follow the flash exposure recommendations when in manual mode when taking a photograph outdoors
a. True
b. False
a. True
60
When standing close to the intended target, the flash is better removed so it can be aimed more accurately
a. True
b. False
a. True
61
The inverse square law refers to the relationship between distance light travels and its intensity at their distances; the intensity varying inversely by the square of the distance it travels
a. True
b. False
a. True
62
Which of the following is a means of bracketing in the manual flash exposure mode
a. Adjust the f/stop
b. Alter the intensity of the flash output
c. Move closer to the subject
d. All of the above
e. A & B only
d. All of the above
63
Which of the following are ways of reducing the flash output
a. Place a finger in front of the flash
b. Used multiple layers of handkerchiefs
c. Bounce the flash from another surface
d. All of the above
e. A & C only
e. A & C only
64
f/stop numbers are exact increments that describe precisely a reduction of the light intensity by ½ at each stop and are derived from inverse square law calculations.
a. True
b. False
a. True
65
The speed of light is:
a. 186,000 miles per hour
b. 186,000 meters per second
c. 186,000 meters per minute
d. 186,000 miles per second
d. 186,000 miles per second
66
When using a 120 guide number flash, the crime scene beyond 30 feet can be properly lit with an acceptable depth of field?
a. True
b. False
b. False
67
At what point does the flash shut off when in automatic mode?
a. It is determined by the settings made by the photographer
b. When 18% of light is reflected from the surface of the scene
c. Predetermined by the flash manufacturer
d. When the shutter button is released
b. When 18% of light is reflected from the surface of the scene
68
What is a negative aspect of the automatic flash exposure mode?
a. The sensor can be fooled by the reflectivity of the light and dark surfaces
b. The photographer has no control over the flash
c. In this mode, the flash should not be removed from the camera
d. It will not be as bright as when set to manual
a. The sensor can be fooled by the reflectivity of the light and dark surfaces
69
The benefit of a dedicated flash unit is that the light is not read by the flash sensor but by the light meter in the camera body, improving exposure determinations
a. True
b. False
a. True
70
When determining the amount of fill-flash to highlight shadowed areas, it is recommended to set the flash equivalent to the ambient lighting in the scene
a. True
b. False
a. True
71
Which flash mode is recommended when using fill-in flash
a. Automatic
b. Designated flash
c. Manual
d. Any of the above
c. Manual
72
Direct lighting makes the depth and texture of 3D images more evident
a. True
b. False
b. False
73
What is the purpose of using a reflector
a. Capture a reverse image of a 3D impression
b. Bounce light to soften hard shadows
c. Increase depth of field
d. Create oblique lighting
b. Bounce light to soften hard shadows
74
When photographing a 3D impression, a scale should be placed on the surface next to the impression outline
a. True
b. False
b. False
75
The closer the flash is to a footwear impression, the more evenly the impression will be lit from heel to toe
a. True
b. False
b. False
76
When photographing snow prints, the best means of increasing contrast in the white-on-white impression is to:
a. Dim the flash
b. Oblique lighting
c. Add color
d. Snow prints should only be photographed “as is”
c. Add color
77
When photographing standard tire tracks, what segment length will typically represent one full rotation of the tire
a. 6 feet
b. 6.5 feet
c. 7 feet
d. 7.5 feet
d. 7.5 feet
78
Better images will typically be produced if each arch of a bite mark is photographed separately due to the curvature of the area of skin
a. True
b. False
a. True
79
Moving the flashlight across an area of skin with a bite mark with the shutter open will create a streak in the image
a. True
b. False
b. False
80
The more perpendicular the flash is to the paper on which there is indented writing, the easier it is to visualize fine detail
a. True
b. False
b. False
81
Diagonal views of building facades are the preferred perspective
a. True
b. False
b. False
82
A negative dust print is one in which the dust is removed from an already dusty surface
a. True
b. False
a. True
83
Additional dust falling onto a dust print over time eliminates the possibility of its recovery
a. True
b. False
b. False
84
Elimination of the reflection or shadows created by a mirror in a scene can be accomplished with
a. Bounce flash
b. Direct flash
c. Oblique lighting
d. Painting with light
a. Bounce flash
85
It is necessary to adjust the camera exposure when bouncing the flash from an intermediate surface
a. True
b. False
a. True
86
When bouncing the flash from the ceiling onto an item, the best area in which to do so is beyond the halfway point between the photographer and the item
a. True
b. False
b. False
87
Which of the following is a technique to be used when a single flash would be inadequate for the size of a large, dimly lit scene
a. Bounce flash
b. Reflectivity
c. Painting with light
d. Flash multiplier
c. Painting with light
88
A natural perspective should be maintained for close-up photographs
a. True
b. False
b. False
89
Which of the following if a variable affecting the painting with light technique
a. Tripod
b. Camera
c. Flash
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
90
To which shutter speed should the camera be set when painting with light
a. Sync speed
b. Bulb
c. The fastest shutter speed available
d. The shutter speed is not a variable that needs to be adjusted
b. Bulb
91
In addition to painting with light, which of the following is an alternative to photographing a large, dimly lit scene
a. Timed exposure
b. Setting the camera to shutter priority
c. Setting the camera to aperture priority
d. All of the above
e. A & C only
e. A & C only
92
The photographer must be the one to testify that an image is a fair and accurate representation of the scene in court
a. True
b. False
b. False
93
It is suggested that the first frame of a series of photographs be
a. An overall view of the scene
b. Photo identifier
c. Transient evidence
d. Any victims or suspects
b. Photo identifier
94
Which of the following provides a log of specific variable data used to capture each individual photograph
a. Photo identifier
b. Photo memo sheet
c. Case report
d. It is not necessary to record information related to individual photo variables
b. Photo memo sheet
95
When a scale is used for close-up photography, it is proper for it to show only distance markers
a. True
b. False
b. False
96
If a scale is placed above the plane of item of interest, it will be larger than the evidence and therefore inaccurate for examinations
a. True
b. False
a. True
97
The natural perspective of a photograph is that which is taken when the photographer is standing at full height
a. True
b. False
a. True
98
If a crime is committed indoors, it is not necessary to take overall photographs of the building exterior since the exterior is irrelevant
a. True
b. False
b. False
99
It is recommended that interior overall photographs be achieved with a view from each of the four corners of a room using a direct flash
a. True
b. False
b. False
100
To the extent possible, midrange photographs should be taken from a natural perspective
a. True
b. False
a. True
101
One image can be used as a midrange photograph for several items of evidence that are grouped relatively close together and will be related to the same fixed feature
a. True
b. False
a. True
102
What is the minimum size equivalent for using a “normal” lens (no magnification) when taking close-up photographs
a. A textbook
b. A nickel
c. A business card
d. An inch
a. A textbook
103
Which aperture should be used when taking close-up examination quality photographs
a. f/5.6
b. f/11
c. f/16
d. f/22
b. f/11
104
Which of the following are the suggested types of close-up photographs
a. in situ
b. With a labeled scale in the same plane
c. An altered close-up
d. All of the above
e. A & B only
d. All of the above
105
When an additional view of an item is necessary, it is best to leave the item on the same background on which it was photographed in situ
a. True
b. False
b. False
106
It is not necessary to have the entire body included in the midrange photograph
a. True
b. False
b. False
107
A 50 mm lens will most accurately depict the subject when taking a full-face midrange
a. True
b. False
b. False
108
Once the body panorama photographs have been taken, the position of the victim can be altered and clothing moved in order to photo document wounds
a. True
b. False
b. False
109
Because liquid blood is dark in color, it will not reflect more light than a “normal” scene
a. True
b. False
b. False
110
The series of photographs to be taken is as follows: the body panorama, wound documentation, any victim identifiers, and any clues as to the postmortem interval
a. True
b. False
a. True
111
Postmortem interval indicators include which of the following
a. Rigor mortis
b. Livor mortis
c. Insect activity
d. All of the above
e. A & B only
d. All of the above
112
Since the photographs are evidentiary in nature, a victim must allow photographs of their injuries to be taken
a. True
b. False
b. False
113
It is recommended that the victim’s face not be included within the same composition as sensitive body parts
a. True
b. False
a. True
114
A crying victim in a photograph may be considered unduly prejudicial and not admitted during trial
a. True
b. False
a. True
115
An exposure stop will either quarter or quadruple the overall lighting from the original exposure
a. True
b. False
b. False
116
Which of the following are variables that directly affect exposure
a. Shutter speed
b. Aperture
c. ISO settings
d. Lighting
e. All of the above
f. A, B, & C only
e. All of the above
117
The shutter in a single lens reflex camera is most frequently located in the camera body as opposed to within the lens
a. True
b. False
a. True
118
The camera sensor is designed to focus light coming in through the lens
a. True
b. False
a. True
119
A shutter speed setting of 15 means the shutter will be open for how long
a. 15 sec
b. 30 sec
c. 1/15 sec
d. 1/7.5 sec
c. 1/15 sec
120
What is the difference between a shutter speed setting of 2” and 2
a. 2” means the photographs should be at least two inches from the subject, 2 is two feet
b. 2” means 2 seconds, 2 is ½ second
c. There is no difference; it’s a camera manufacturer preference
d. 2” is shorthand for 1/2000, 2 is 2 seconds
b. 2” means 2 seconds, 2 is ½ second
121
The “B” setting on the shutter speed dial is ideal when a very fast exposure time is needed
a. True
b. False
b. False
122
The f/stop is related to _____.
a. Shutter speed
b. Aperture
c. Flash
d. Film plane
b. Aperture
123
Given a 50 mm lens and an f/8 setting, the diaphragm diameter will be
a. 0.16 cm
b. 6.25 mm
c. 6.25 cm
d. 50 mm
b. 6.25 mm
124
Given a 50mm lens and a 2.27 mm diaphragm diameter, the f/stop will be
a. f/4
b. f/8
c. f/15
d. f/22
d. f/22
125
F/stops are fractions of the focal length of the lens that is being used
a. True
b. False
a. True
126
Film speed changes results in 2 stop exposure differences
a. True
b. False
a. True
127
Digital sensors that are more sensitive and require less light are designated by the lower ISO numbers
a. True
b. False
b. False
128
ISO stands for
a. International Society for Optics
b. International Standards Organization
c. International Organization for Standardization
d. Imaging Standards Office
c. International Organization for Standardization
129
The best use of a faster ISO setting is when there is little ambient light, and the aperture needs to be small to maximize depth of field
a. True
b. False
a. True
130
On a sunny day and for examination quality photographs, a rule of thumb is to use an ISO 400 setting
a. True
b. False
b. False
131
In order to capture correct color in a photograph with a film camera, which if the following can be used
a. Morning sunlight
b. Midday sunlight
c. Electronic flash
d. All of the above
e. B & C only
e. B & C only
132
Tungsten light will create what color tint in a photographs
a. Yellow
b. Green
c. Blue
d. Red
a. Yellow
133
What setting can be adjusted on a digital camera to correct color in various modes of ambient light
a. Shutter speed
b. White balance
c. Aperture
d. ISO
b. White balance
134
If two areas of lighting extremes (for example, midday sunlight and shadow) need to be photographed together, a midrange exposure setting is the best solution
a. True
b. False
b. False
135
If an exposure error is unavoidable, it is best to underexpose film and overexpose digital images
a. True
b. False
b. False
136
In order to eliminate blur from hand holding the camera is to
a. Use the highest shutter speed available
b. Set the camera to shutter priority
c. Use the shutter speed closest to the focal length of the lens, inverted into a fraction
d. Brace the camera as tightly as possible
c. Use the shutter speed closest to the focal length of the lens, inverted into a fraction
137
A fast shutter speed is the only option when trying to freeze motion in an image
a. True
b. False
b. False
138
It is possible to eliminate rain and snow from an image with a slow shutter speed
a. True
b. False
a. True
139
This theory states that for every photo opportunity, there are multiple exposure combinations from which to choose from
a. Theory of Multiplicity
b. Theory of Alternate Exposures
c. Coupling Theory
d. Theory of Reciprocity
d. Theory of Reciprocity
140
A polarizing filter is used to reduce or eliminate reflections from a surface
a. True
b. False
a. True
141
There are times when the theory of reciprocity does not work when operating a digital camera
a. True
b. False
b. False
142
It has been determined that this percentage of light is reflected from a normal scene and therefore this same percentage of gray is used to represent the normal scene when metering
a. 12%
b. 15%
c. 18%
d. 22%
c. 18%
143
The terms “normal” and “non-normal” scenes refer to the amount of light being reflected
a. True
b. False
a. True
144
Which of the following can be metered in order to determine “proper” exposures in a “non-normal” scene
a. An area of green grass
b. Newly laid asphalt
c. Gray card
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
f. A & C only
f. A & C only
145
Program exposure mode (designated by “P”) selects the exposure settings on the basis of the light being read by the meter and is therefore the best choice when photographing crime scenes
a. True
b. False
b. False
146
When the exposure control dial is set to “Tv”, the photographer selects the shutter speed, and the camera automatically selects the required f/stop
a. True
b. False
a. True
147
When the camera is set to either aperture priority or shutter priority, bracketing can be accomplished by adjusting the f/stop and shutter speed, respectively
a. True
b. False
b. False
148
This “rule” recommended both an f/stop setting and a corresponding shutter speed for most outdoor photographic situations
a. f/11 sunny day rule
b. f/16 sunny day rule
c. f/22 overcast day rule
d. f/16 overcast day rule
b. f/16 sunny day rule
149
Which of the following are common uses of a UV filter
a. Lens protection
b. To keep the sky in an image from being overexposed
c. Recording images with an ALS
d. All of the above
e. A & B only
d. All of the above
150
The optimal angle at which to photograph images with a polarizing filter is
a. 28 degrees
b. 34 degrees
c. 40 degrees
d. 45 degrees
b. 34 degrees
151
A polarizing filter can be used when it is necessary to eliminate the reflection of the sun from a surface
a. True
b. False
b. False
152
A nanometer is
a. One thousandth of a meter
b. One millionth of a meter
c. One 10 millionth of a meter
d. One billionth of a meter
d. One billionth of a meter
153
Visible light is in the 400-700 nm range on the electromagnetic spectrum. Immediately below the 400 nm range is what kind of light
a. Ultraviolet light
b. Infrared
c. Gamma rays
d. X rays
a. Ultraviolet light
154
The conversion of absorbed light into a longer wavelength with lower intensity and different color is normally understood as
a. Reflection
b. Absorption
c. Transmission
d. Fluorescence
d. Fluorescence
155
Which exposure mode at f/11 is recommended to photograph fluorescence
a. Shutter priority
b. Aperture priority
c. Automatic
d. Manual
b. Aperture priority
156
This is the general term for a molecule’s ability to emit light from causes other than heat
a. Luminescence
b. Phosphorescence
c. Fluorescence
d. Incandescence
a. Luminescence
157
This is the term referring to the ability of some materials to retain some of the radiation they have absorbed from a stimulating light and then continue “glowing” after stimulation has ceased
a. Luminescence
b. Phosphorescence
c. Fluorescence
d. Incandescence
b. Phosphorescence
158
Typical camera lenses transmit UV light
a. True
b. False
b. False
159
When searching a crime scene with an alternate light source emitting blue light, what color filter should be used to see and photograph any fluorescence?
a. Yellow
b. Orange
c. Red
d. No filter necessary
b. Orange
160
All potential DNA samples must be collected prior to the use of short-wave UV light in equipment such as RUVIS
a. True
b. False
a. True
161
165. An 18 A filter
a. Blocks all UV light while transmitting visible light
b. Transmit UV light while blocking visible light
b. Transmit UV light while blocking visible light
162
The most suitable applications of reflected ultraviolet photography include which of the following?
a. Ink differentiation
b. Invisible deep muscle bruising
c. Nighttime photography
d. All of the above
e. A & B only
e. A & B only
163
Long wave UV light can be used to visualize faint bloodstains or bloodstains difficult to see due to the surface color. There can be photographed with
a. Oblique lighting
b. Normal exposures since this would be visible light photography
c. Red filters
d. Timed exposures
b. Normal exposures since this would be visible light photography
164
IR can be used to visualize which of the following types of evidence
a. Ink differentiation
b. Visualizing gunshot residue
c. Visualizing writing on burned documents
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
165
If a substrate transits IR light, what effect does it have
a. The substance will darken
b. The substance will lighten
c. The substance will fluoresce
d. The substance will seemingly disappear revealing whatever is beneath it
d. The substance will seemingly disappear revealing whatever is beneath it
166
When you are photographing fluorescent evidence, the proper exposure is frequently 2 stops more than what the camera’s exposure meter recommends
a. True
b. False
b. False
167
In order to record the fluorescence of luminol and relate it to the remainder of the scene, it is recommended to photograph is with ISO 400, a 90 second exposure, and
a. Oblique lighting
b. Painting with light
c. A brief bounce light toward the end of the exposure
d. All that is needed for a proper exposure is ISO 400 and a 90 second shutter speed
c. A brief bounce light toward the end of the exposure
168
It is necessary to continue spraying a bloodstain with luminol to maintain its fluorescence while photographing it
a. True
b. False
a. True
169
The first pinhole camera was called
a. Daguerre
b. Calotype
c. Panoramic
d. Camera Obscura
d. Camera Obscura
170
Stoke’s Law is the fundamental theoretical basis for all fluorescent photography
a. True
b. False
a. True
171
The first recorded use of photographs in wanted criminals being circulated to the public took place in
a. 1854
b. 1920
c. 1832
d. 1900
a. 1854
172
The word “photography” means “writing with light”
a. True
b. False
a. True
173
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal rule of photography?
a. Keep film plane parallel
b. Fill the frame
c. Maximize depth of field
d. Always use external flash
d. Always use external flash
174
A quality photograph is always taken from a horizontal viewpoint.
a. True
b. False
b. False
175
A soft shadow is a shadow in which detail cannot be seen
a. True
b. False
b. False
176
What is lens flare?
a. A lens that can be set to a variety of focal lengths
b. A reference to damage or disease of the eyes
c. A shutter speed that has the shutter remain open as long as the shutter button is depressed
d. Created when sunlight is able to enter the lens directly
d. Created when sunlight is able to enter the lens directly
177
When filling the frame for composition, it is important to eliminate the irrelevant in the viewfinder.
a. True
b. False
a. True
178
What is hyper focusing?
a. When infinity is not in the background
b. When infinity is in the background
c. Using the smallest aperture
d. None of the above
b. When infinity is in the background
179
When taking a midrange photograph, it is helpful to think of a _____________ triangle.
a. Isosceles
b. Equilateral
c. Obtuse
d. Right
a. Isosceles
180
Do crime scenes need to have a chain of custody?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Depends
d. None of the above
a. Yes
181
This is the ability of the camera system to distinguish groups of alternating line pairs as the lines become increasingly thinner and closer together
a. Resolution
b. Acutance
c. Sharpness
d. None of the above
a. Resolution
182
Whenever scales are used, they should be positioned on a different plane as the evidence.
a. True
b. False
b. False
183
There are _____ different types of close-up photographs
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
c. 4
184
A full-face shot, for identification purposes, should be included in the full body panorama series.
a. True
b. False
a. True
185
Which of the following is a variable that affects exposure?
a. Aperture
b. Depth of field
c. Temperature
d. All of the above
a. Aperture
186
f/stop is sometimes referred to as the _________ of a lens
a. Function
b. Aperture
c. Flash
d. None of the body
b. Aperture
187
Outside, during the middle of a sunny day, select an ISO of _____
a. 100
b. 200
c. 300
d. 400
a. 100
188
All other times, early in the morning, late in the afternoon,, at night, or when indoors, lean towards the initial use of an ISO of ______
a. 100
b. 200
c. 300
d. 400
d. 400
189
When taking photographs indoors, the predominant light source is frequently __________, or ordinary light bulbs
a. Fluorescent
b. White
c. Tungsten
d. Artificial
a. Fluorescent
190
A shutter speed of _______ will “freeze” a vehicle going 60mph
a. 1/125
b. 1/250
c. 1/500
d. 1/1000
d. 1/1000
191
Many different combinations of shutter speeds and apertures will result in the same exposure. Increasing one while decreasing the other results in the same exposure. This is known as:
a. Neutral density
b. Basic exposure
c. Reciprocal exposures
d. Reciprocity failure
c. Reciprocal exposures
192
Your palm reflects approximately ___% of the light that strikes it.
a. 22%
b. 36%
c. 43%
d. 50%
b. 36%
193
In _________________, the photographer manually sets desired f/stop and the cameras will set the corresponding shutter speed
a. Shutter priority
b. Program exposure
c. Manual exposure
d. Aperture priority
d. Aperture priority
194
The entire crime scene, and all the evidence within the scene, should be in focus
a. True
b. False
a. True
195
Which of the following does NOT affect depth of field?
a. Color of item
b. f/stop choice
c. Lens choice
d. Camera to subject distance
a. Color of item
196
Lenses with a focal length lower than 50mm are called _____________ lenses
a. Magnification
b. Normal
c. Telephoto
d. Wide-angle
d. Wide-angle
197
An aberration is a defect in an image produced by a lens
a. True
b. False
a. True
198
If the flash recycle time exceeds ______ seconds, it is time to replace the flash batteries
a. 10
b. 15
c. 25
d. 30
d. 30
199
Many flash units have an automatic flash exposure mode capability
a. True
b. False
a. True
200
____________ is the technique used to lighten details in deep shadows while other areas are brightly sunlit.
a. Film speeds
b. Fill flash
c. Built in flash
d. Manual flash
b. Fill flash
201
Tire tracks, show prints, and bite marks all need to be photographed using _________ lighting.
a. Natural
b. Incandescent
c. Flash
d. Oblique
d. Oblique
202
The optimal angle for bounce flash is _______ between the photographer and the subject (344)
a. Midway
b. Three-quarters
c. One-quarter
d. None of the above
a. Midway
203
_____________ is the combination of various colors
a. White light
b. IR light
c. UV light
d. None of the above
a. White light
204
When you are photographing fluorescent evidence, the proper exposure is frequently 3 stops less than what the camera’s exposure meter recommends
a. True
b. False
b. False
205
Blood absorbs UV light
a. True
b. False
a. True
206
___________ photography is the capturing of images from an aircraft while in flight.
a. Aerial
b. Underwater
c. Surveillance
d. None of the above
a. Aerial
207
The shutter speed for aerial photography should be at least ______ second.
a. 1/100
b. 1/250
c. 1/400
d. 1/500
d. 1/500
208
To photograph the trajectory of a bullet from a vertical angle, the analyst positions the camera on a tripod _________ to the trajectory rod.
a. Perpendicular
b. Parallel
c. Above
d. Below
a. Perpendicular
209
Which of the following refers to the angle of trajectory on a horizontal plane?
a. Azimuth
b. Elevation
c. Trajectory
d. None of the above
a. Azimuth
210
Which of the following refers to the angle of trajectory on the vertical plane?
a. Azimuth
b. Elevation
c. Trajectory
d. None of the above
b. Elevation
211
A lens designed to provide magnifications up to 1:1
a. Macro
b. Micro
c. Zoom
d. None of the above
a. Macro
212
This was a paper negative process using gallic acid and silver nitrate solution with a hypo fixer
a. Panoramic camera
b. Calotype paper negative
c. Hillotype
d. None of the above
b. Calotype paper negative
213
One of the earliest crime laboratories to establish separate units for forensic examination of imaging evidence was the FBI laboratory
a. True
b. False
a. True
214
What was the year the American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors (ASCLD) formed?
a. 1960
b. 1973
c. 1980
d. 1990
b. 1973
215
__________________ is the variable range, from foreground to background, of what appears to be in focus.
a. Shutter speed
b. Aperture
c. Depth of field
d. None of the above
c. Depth of field
216
It is standard practice to include a ______________ in at least one close-up photograph
a. Labeled scale
b. Non-labeled scale
c. Hand for scale reference
d. None of the above
a. Labeled scale
217
“In situ” can also be called
a. As found
b. As is
c. All of the above
c. All of the above
218
It is important to have proper viewpoint when taking a photograph to avoid distortion
a. True
b. False
a. True
219
“Altered” close-up photographs should be done in a way that does not make it obvious to the viewer that this photograph is of evidence that has been moved
a. True
b. False
b. False
220
It is important to maintain modesty when photographing sensitive areas on victims
a. True
b. False
a. True
221
For accurate color capture, use only an electronic flash
a. True
b. False
b. False
222
There are _____ common exposure modes
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
d. 4
223
Reflections can be eliminated by a _______ filter, which absorbs/blocks the polarizing light
a. UV
b. Polarizer
c. Haze
d. Skylight
b. Polarizer
224
Lens choice can affect depth of field
a. True
b. False
a. True
225
What is considered to be a “normal” lens?
a. 25mm
b. 35mm
c. 50mm
d. 70mm
c. 50mm
226
A telephoto lens can distort the relative perspective between objects
a. True
b. False
a. True
227
The ___________ aberration is caused by the different points of light that will converge near the sensor, but this is not related to the colors of white light being refracted by the lens elements.
a. Chromatic
b. Spherical
c. Lateral
d. Longitudinal
b. Spherical
228
The use of a shutter speed that is slower than the camera’s sync speed should be avoided.
a. True
b. False
b. False
229
The inverse square law shows the relationship between __________ and intensity.
a. Distance
b. Guide number
c. Aperture
d. None of the above
a. Distance
230
When using oblique lighting, it is best to fire a _________ of flashes between tripod legs
a. Series
b. Distance
c. All of the above
d. None of the above
a. Series
231
When photographing tire tracks, you need to ensure you document ___________________ of each tire mark.
a. Half of the circumference
b. Quarter of circumference
c. Full circumference
d. None of the above
c. Full circumference
232
What is the recommended exposure for indented writing on white paper?
a. ISO 100, f/8
b. ISO 100, f/11
c. ISO 400, f/8
d. ISO 400, f/11
b. ISO 100, f/11
233
An electronic flash is designated by its _______, a method of rating the relative strength of the unit
a. TTF
b. IAI
c. GN
d. SD
c. GN
234
UV, IR, and visible light are expressed in terms of _____________.
a. Nanometers
b. Picometers
c. Liters
d. None of the above
a. Nanometers
235
The conversion of light from one state to another is fluorescence
a. True
b. False
a. True
236
When using a green ALS, use a red filter to see the fluorescence generated.
a. True
b. False
a. True
237
Which of the following is NOT a type of evidence IR can reveal at a crime scene?
a. Ink differentiations
b. GSR
c. Bloodstains
d. Latent prints
d. Latent prints
238
GSR will absorb IR light.
a. True
b. False
a. True
239
Roadmapping is a very ____________ procedure and should be completed at the conclusion of all other documentation
a. Non-invasive
b. Invasive
c. Temporary
d. Permanent
b. Invasive
240
There are ____ cardinal rules of photography
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
c. 3
241
A ____________ is a form to log all the specific data related to the camera, lens, flash, and variables used to capture each image
a. Labeled scale
b. Photo memo sheet
c. Entry log
d. None of the above
b. Photo memo sheet
242
Focal planes can open horizontally and vertically
a. True
b. False
a. True
243
The speed of light is frequently expressed as _________________ meters per second
a. 300,000,000
b. 400,000,000
c. 500,000,000
d. None of the above
a. 300,000,000
PHOTOGRAPHY
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