Practise types

Question 1

Massed practise (Definition):

Answer 1

Continuous practise, with no rest between sessions.

Question 2

Distributed practise (Definition):

Answer 2

Practise involving rest intervals between sessions.

Question 3

Mental practise (Definition):

Answer 3

Going over the skill in the mind without movement.

Question 4

When is massed practise used?

Answer 4

When the skill is discrete, simple and the environment is closed.

Question 5

Which practise type is performed when a skill is closed?

Answer 5

Massed practise is used because the environment is unlikely to have many changes and therefore numerous repetitions can be done.

Question 6

What are the advantages of massed practise?

Answer 6

• Skill becomes almost habitual and therefore can be repeated consistently;
• Fatigue is beneficial for expert performers as it replicates the final stages of performance.
• Time efficient.

Question 7

What are the disadvantages of massed practise?

Answer 7

• Stimulates fatigue which would be problematic for most performers.
• High amounts of motivation are needed.

Question 8

When should distributed practise be use?

Answer 8

When the skill is continuous and the performer may need a break. Or when skills are open and unpredictable and the break is used to explain adaptations to the environment.

Question 9

What are the advantages of distributed practise?

Answer 9

• Removes pressure and allows rest to avoid fatigue;
• Allows controlled progress for cognitive performers as feedback can be given, or autonomous performers can use mental practise.

Question 10

What are the disadvantages of distributed practise?

Answer 10

• Very time consuming;

- Danger of negative transfer.

Question 11

Explain how a coach may use varied practise for attacking play in football.

Answer 11

First used a fixed shooting drill without opposition; then switch to more progressive practise introducing defenders and eventually doing 3 vs 2 drills.

Question 12

What are the advantages of varied practise?

Answer 12

• Players develop schema;

- Prevents training becoming tedious and boring.

Question 13

What are the advantages of varied practise?

Answer 13

• Players develop schema;

- Prevents training becoming tedious and boring.

Question 14

What are the disadvantages of varied practise?

Answer 14

• More time consuming;
• Increased risk of negative transfer;
• May place unnecessary demands on performer encouraging fatigue.

Question 15

Which practise type allows performers to develop motor schema?

Answer 15

Varied practise because of the slight adaptations to the drill develops new situations and environments.

Question 16

Which training type is very good for cognitive performers?

Answer 16

Distributed practise.

Question 17

In distributed practise what can the breaks be used for by autonomous performers?

Answer 17

Mental practise, feedback and recovery.

Question 18

When would an athlete use mental practise?

Answer 18

Just before a major event or as part of a training programme between periods of practise.

Question 19

When does mental practise have the greatest results?

Answer 19

When combined with physical practise.

Question 20

What are the advantages of mental practise?

Answer 20

• Improves confidence and lowers anxiety;
• Stimulates muscle receptors to prepare for exercise;
• Can be done wherever and whenever.

Question 21

What are the disadvantages of mental practise?

Answer 21

-

Question 22

Name the two types of mental practise:

Answer 22

External and Internal.

Question 23

What is external mental practise?

Answer 23

Forming an image of yourself performing the skill in the third person.

Question 24

What is internal mental practise?

Answer 24

Looking at performance from within in the first person.

Question 25

Which mental practise looks at performance form the 1st person?

Answer 25

Internal mental practise.

Question 26

Which mental practise looks at performance form the 3rd person?

Answer 26

External mental practise.

Question 27

How should mental practise be taught to beginners by the coach?

Answer 27

It should be short and the key parts of the task should be emphasised.

Question 28

What are the major benefits of mental practise to a beginner?

Answer 28

To lower arousal and anxiety, to build confidence, and provide a basic picture of the requirements of the skill, to reduce errors and provide motivation.

Question 29

How should mental practise be taught to expert by the coach?

Answer 29

They should devote more time to the practise and prepare for a game by visualising specific tactics or strategies perhaps focusing on a weakness of hte opponent.

Question 30

What are the major benefits of mental practise to an expert?

Answer 30

Improved reaction time as the muscle fibres are activated which helps the performer to remain in the autonomous stage.

Question 31

How should mental practise be taught to expert by the coach?

Answer 31

They should devote more time to the practise and prepare for a game by visualising specific tactics or strategies perhaps focusing on a weakness of the opponent.

Question 32

How can the coach make sure the performer experiences the most beneficial mental practise?

Answer 32

Making sure it is done in a relaxed environment and that successful results are always the ones that are rehearsed.