Definition of Pragmatics
The study of meaning in context and interaction
Deixis. Which ones exist?
- Some words in a language cannot be interpreted at all unless physical context of the speaker is known e.g here, there, then, yesterday, her, them, You´ll have to bring that back tomorrow because they aren´t here now”Deictic Expressions
- Person deixis e.g he, them
- Place deixis e.g there, here
- Time deixis e.g now, then
Definition of Locution
- FORM the actual form of words used by the speaker and the semantic meaning
Definition of Illocution
- FUNCTION what the speaker is doing by uttering those words, e.g commanding, offering, requesting, promising, threatening, etc.
Definition of Perlocution
OUTCOME the actual result of the locution/what is caused by the locution
What communicative intentions are expressed by the following utterances? What is the illocution and the perlocution in each case?
Customer: Waiter! There’s a fly on my soup!
Waiter: Don’t worry, there’s no extra charge.
Illocution: To receive another bowl
Perlocution: Waiter being cheeky
Violating Maxims
A: What‘s your name?
B: I‘m the Queen of Sheba.
Violation of Maxim of Quality
A: How are we getting there?
B: Well, We‘re getting there in Dave‘s car.
- Violation of Maxim of Manner
A: Do you like ice-cream?
B: Is the Pope Catholic?
- Violation of Maxime of Relation
A: Do vegetarians eat hamburgers?
B: Do chicken have lips?
- Violation of Maxime of Relation
