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PRE-MIDTERM Flashcards

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1
Q

Many substance or mixture of substances that effectively kills microorganisms.

A

Microbicide

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2
Q

Products designed to reduce the density of microbial life on living tissue.

A

Antiseptic

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3
Q

An agent that destroys microorganisms, especially pathogenic organisms

A

Germicide

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4
Q

An agent capable of killing when used in sufficient concentration under suitable conditions. It therefore is expected to kill all other organisms.

A

High-level disinfectant

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5
Q

Any agent that kills or suppresses the growth of microorganisms.

A

Antimicrobial agent

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6
Q

Which types of Hepatitis are transmitted mainly through blood and/or sexual contact?

A

B, C, & D

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7
Q

This Hepatitis has an incubation rate of 15-50 days.

A

Hepatitis A

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8
Q

What is the incubation range of Hepatitis B?

A

45-160 days

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9
Q

True or False: Hepatitis C has an incubation period of 13-180 days.

A

FALSE - 14-180 days

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10
Q

Which types of Hepatitis are immunizations available for?

A

A & B

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11
Q

This type of Hepatitis is commonly transmitted from per-cutaneous exposure from contaminated instruments or contact of contaminated blood with non-intact skin.

A

Hepatitis B (HBV)

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12
Q

KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HIGH VS INTERMEDIATE VS LOW-LEVEL DISINFECTANT!

A

High-level = capable of killing when used in sufficient concentration…
Intermediate = does NOT kill bacterial spores BUT destroys all vegetative bacteria (except for some nonlipid viruses)
Low = does not kill tubercle bacilli, kills some nonlipid viruses and fungi, and does NOT kill bacterial spores

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13
Q

For Hepatitis D to occur, what other Hepatitis must exist in the body?

A

HBV

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14
Q

This Hepatitis consists of a single-strand RNA structure.

A

Hepatitis C

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15
Q

If neglected, this type of infection can lead to AIDS.

A

Human Immunodeficiency Disease (HIV)

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16
Q

What is the incubation period for HIV?

A

8-10 years

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17
Q

True or False: HIV survives longer than any other infectious pathogen.

A

FALSE - HIV does not survive long outside of the human body (on surfaces) AND it cannot reproduce outside of the body. It truly dies within minutes outside of the body.

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18
Q

Which bloodborne pathogen has incubation period up to 12 weeks?

A

Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuber)

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19
Q

This bloodborne pathogen can be destroyed by direct sunlight.

A

Tuberculosis / Mycobacterium tuber

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20
Q

What cell type is targeted in the infectious process of HIV?

A

CD4 (T4) lymphocyte, interrupting the cell-mediated response to antigens -> reducing the overall immune response

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21
Q

The symptoms of fever, malaise, body aches, maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, and headache correlate to what bloodborne pathogenic infection?

A

HIV

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22
Q

This age range is currently most likely to get HIV:

A

45-70 years old

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23
Q

Which is more easily infectious - HBV or HIV?

A

HBV

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24
Q

Big symptom for Influenza:

A

Fever

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25
Put in correct order (during Acupuncture tx, your patient passes out): -put in supine -pull needles out of patient -report to supervisor & call 911 -check patient's airway
1) pull needles out of patient 2) put patient in supine position 3) check the patient's airway 4) report to supervisor
26
Are Acupuncture practitioners required to disclose that they have HIV to patients, if they have it? and vice versa, from patients to their Acupuncturist?
No - not a requirement but it is always nice/safe to know.
27
Is there an absolute depth for each point when it comes to patient care?
No - due to varying body types there are varying depths depending on the structure.
28
Is there ever a time in the clinic where you don't have to record the number of needles used in the treatment?
No! Always record your # of needles.
29
What are primary symptoms associated with a pneumothorax?
SOB, tachypnea, chest pain, dry cough, cyanosis, or diaphoresis
30
If a patient gets an ipsolateral pneumothorax, which side of their body would the patient lie on?
Place the patient on the side where the collapsed lung is occurring.
31
Tuberculosis is transmitted through the:
air
32
How long does M. tuberculosis take to be completely treated (generally)?
9 months (can take longer, depending on drug resistance quality)
33
How long can M. tuberculosis survive on dry inanimate surfaces? in soil? in the environment?
MONTHS - 4 weeks in the soil - 74 days in the environment
34
How can staphylococcus be transmitted into the body through insertion? More specifically, where does the infection come from?
Skin
35
How do Staph skin infections present themselves?
Staph infections present as red and painful; occasionally there are painful bumps that seem to look like spider bites but can quickly change to abscesses filled with pus.
36
Handwashing and avoiding needling / other procedures in areas with active skin lesions is considered ideal standard practice. True or False?
True!
37
Which skin infection is spread by skin-to-skin contact AND is resistant to the antibiotic methicillin?
MRSA = Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
38
Is it required to have an annual TB test as a healthcare worker?
No, but it is recommended.
39
What are two suggestions for people who are vaccinated for TB or have a history of a positive skin test?
Get a chest x-ray and an annual physical examination
40
The chance of secondary infection from TB, Staph, Herpes, & Hepatitis are additional risks to the acupuncturist when working with patients that have: A) not washed their hands B) HIV C) HSV D) HPV
B) HIV (AIDS)
41
True or False: Symptomatic and asymptomatic Hep-B carriers are equally infectious.
True!
42
True or False: Potential sources of infectious disease in an acupuncturist's office include: hands, blood, saliva, nasal and body secretions, dust, clothing, and hair.
TRUE
43
What are common symptoms associated with HIV?
Fever, fatigue, cough, weight loss, skin rashes, etc.
44
What is the current age group most affected with an STD such as HSV, HIV, chalmydia?
45-70 years old
45
Can there be moisture or liquids where EA is present?
No
46
When using EA, what can occur to a patient when using a higher than normal (.5-.6 mA) current?
Muscle spasms
47
Is it safe to use silver needles when utilizing EA?
No - they are contraindicated for EA due to being a softer metal.
48
Should we avoid: the carotid, posterior cervical, crossing the spine, and crossing the heart when using EA?
Yes
49
Are lancets use when doing "prick to bleed?"
No! They are never used in acupuncture.
50
At what point does an acupuncturist halt "prick to bleed?"
When the blood quality and color lightens.
51
Do we need a consent form for any type of patient during gua sha? If so, what demographic are we concerned about?
Yes, we need to have a consent form signed whenever a minor is participating in a gua sha treatment.
52
Is there any specific risk we should consider when using ear seeds? If so, what are we remaining cautious about?
Yes - allergies! There are different materials (latex, etc.) that can be used with this type of acupressure, and is good to communicate what we are using.
53
What kind of PPE would you wear for plum blossom needling?
Gloves & eye protection, at the very least.
54
What are some contraindications involving Gua Sha?
Rash or broken skin, swelling, burn, sunburn &/or skin inflammation.
55
Are we simulating the deepest acupuncture channels when using a plum blossom?
No - we are actually stimulating the superficial or cutaneous acupuncture channels.
56
Why would someone be concerned with burning when it comes to cupping?
Fire cupping runs the risk of burning a patient.
57
How many hours prior to chemotherapy should someone avoid guasha/cupping - and how many hours to avoid this treatment AFTER chemotherapy?
48 hours beforehand, 24 hours post-chemotherapy
58
T/F: There is no risk for patients with blood-thinners, pain meds., anticoagulant & antiplatelet therapies when it comes to "Therapeutic" blood withdrawal.
False - it is important to screen and be cautious with patients who have any of these circumstances.
59
Is there ever a time, post-guasha, that we don't need to clean all tools?
No - you must always clean tools post-guasha AND clean with soap + water prior to utilizing this for a patient.
60
What is a primary/#1 cleaning solution we use for cleaning cups at the clinic?
Sporax
61
List the correct equipment we can reuse: A) Plastic Guasha Tool B) Stainless Steel Guasha Tool C) Seven Star Needles D) Cups for cupping
B & D
62
How many day should a press tack be retained for a patient (RANGE)?
3-5 days
63
For moxa, what is the highest risk?
Burns
64
What is the most common hazard for press tacks?
The acupuncturist can stab themselves, if not careful.
65
Can you use press tacks for patients who have a bleeding disorder?
No
66
What is a priority before starting & using EA with patients?
Checking to make sure the machine is off or set to a low level
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