Pre-placement Module

Question 1

Triple Assessment

Answer 1

Clinical assessment
Imaging assessment - mammography / ultrasound / both
Needle biopsy

Question 2

Scoring

Answer 2

1 - Normal
2 - Benign
3 - Intermediate / equivocal
4 - Suspicious
5 - Malignant

Question 3

Predisposing factors to breast cancer

Answer 3

BRCA genes
1st degree premenopausal relative with breast cancer
Nulliparity, first child > 30 
Early menarche, late menopause 
HRT / combined OCP
Past breast cancer
Not breast feeding
Ionising radiation
p53 gene mutations
Obesity 
Past surgery for benign disease

Question 4

Mammography

Answer 4

X-ray of breast
MLO and CC views
Compression - spread out the tissue, holds breast still, reduces radiation dose needed

Much less effective in dense tissue (higher proportion of fibroglandular tissue compared to fat)

Question 5

Ultrasound

Answer 5

Uses high-frequency sound waves to form an image of tissues.
Technique of choice in women < 40
Good at distinguishing cystic from solid masses - fluid appears black, solid appears varying shades of grey

Shape and margin!