Preforms Rigging, Hoisting And Moving

Question 1

best describe the Fiber Rope Knot/Bend/Hitch shown above?

Answer 1

Overhand Knot.

Overhand Knot.
Use:
Often tied at the end of a rope to prevent unravelling.
Pros:
Easy to tie
Cons:
Easily jammed
Difficult to untie

Question 2

Which of the following best describes how a wire rope diameter is measured?

Answer 2

Across the entire wire rope cross-section, crown to crown

Question 3

What is the smallest lifting angle (to horizontal) that a shoulder-less eye bolt can be subjected to?

Answer 3

Shoulder-less eye bolts cannot be used on any angle, only for straight lifts.

Shoulder-less eyebolts can only be used for straight lifts. Angled loads will bend/break the bolt.

Question 4

When rigging to lift a load that is long and the orientation is important, what is employed to prevent rotation of the load and maintain orientation?

Answer 4

Use a tagline.

tagline is a rope that has been attached to the load that is used to maintain the orientation of the load

Question 5

Which knot is employed when two ropes of the same diameter need to be tied together?

A. Bowline
B. Figure eight knot
C. Timber Hitch
D. Clove hitch

Answer 5

Figure of eight knot

The only knot offered above that is used to join two ropes of the same diameter together is the figure of eight knot.

Question 6

During a crane lift it is observed by a worker other than the designated signaler that the load is approaching overhead power lines. What should this worker do?

Answer 6

Alert the designated signaler.

Crane operators should follow signals from one designated signaler to avoid confusion. However, a stop signal should be obeyed regardless of who signals it. In this case, there is no mention of immediate hazard - just an approaching hazard - therefore the worker should communicate/alert the concern to the designated signaler

Question 7

A basket hitch with vertical legs has how much lifting capacity compared to a single vertical hitch?

Answer 7

2 times.

Because there are now two legs the capacity is twice as much

Question 8

A wire rope is inspected and wire breaks are discovered. The wires have broken “clean” with a square ends that are perpendicular to wire. What is the most likely cause of this breakage?

Answer 8

This wire break was caused by normal fatigue

Question 9

Which wire rope damage type is most common when unwinding/winding wire rope?

Answer 9

Kinking

When wire rope is wound or unwound into a coil there is a risk a loop/twist may become “captured” (Stage 1). If the loop is pulled tight, the loop will kink (Stage 2). At this point the damage is already done. When straightening is attempted the kink damage will be apparent (Stage 3).

Question 10

What is the largest lifting angle that a shouldered eye bolt should be subjected to?

Answer 10

No less than 45°.

Shoulder Eye Bolt Working Load Limit
0° No Reduction
0°-15° 55% of full rated load
15°- 30° 35% of full rated load
30°- 45° 25% of full rated load
>45° DO NOT USE!
Employing lift angles greater than 45 degrees from vertical with a shouldered eyebolt introduces several serious hazards:
Dramatic Loss of Strength: At a 45° angle, the working load limit of a shouldered eyebolt drops to about 30% of its rated vertical capacity. If the angle exceeds 45°, the strength drops even further, to the point where the eyebolt is no longer considered safe for lifting.
Risk of Bending or Failure: The force on the eyebolt becomes increasingly lateral as the angle increases, which can cause the eyebolt to bend, deform, or even break. Eye bolts are not designed to withstand high side loads, and exceeding 45° can result in catastrophic failure.
Unpredictable Load Path: As the angle increases, the direction of force may pull the eyebolt out of its proper alignment, increasing the risk of the bolt pulling out of the load or stripping threads.
Potential for Load Drop: The combination of reduced capacity and increased bending risk means there is a much higher chance of the load detaching unexpectedly, leading to dropped loads and severe safety incidents.
Violation of Safety Standards: Most safety standards and manufacturers prohibit using shouldered eyebolts at angles greater than 45°. Exceeding this limit is a direct violation of best practices and regulatory guidelines.

Question 11

What is the maximum recommended height of a 8’x12’ rolling scaffold?

Answer 11

24 foot

For safety, rolling scaffolds (or free standing) should not be assembled higher than 3 times its smallest footprint dimension. For this example the smallest dimension is 8’, therefore it should not be built higher than 24’.

Question 12

What is the best method to prevent a turnbuckle from rotating after it has been set?

Answer 12

The turnbuckle should be wired into position.

During a lift a turnbuckle that can rotate can create a very dangerous situation. To prevent this the turnbuckle should be wired into position

Question 13

A mechanic rigging an irregularly shaped gearbox using bridle hitch with wire slings. The mechanic has been unable to achieve a level balance with the wire slings available. What can be employed with the wire slings to aid in levelling the load?

Answer 13

Turnbuckle.

When rigging the lifting hook should be directly over the center of gravity. Set length slings limits adjustments to leg lengths to accommodate the positioning of the hook. Turnbuckles are the only device offered here that will allow the leg lengths to be adjusted.

Question 14

What should be done to help align an eyebolt with the direction of lift?

Answer 14

Use a washer or washers the same diameter as the eye-bolt shoulder to allow for alignment, then torque.

The shoulder of the eyebolt must be torqued up against a solid surface. As well the eyebolt must be in line with the lift. This is often not possible with the machine surface alone. The accomodate this washers must be used to help align the eyebolt with the load and provide a surface for the bolt to be torqued against.

Question 15

A crane signal person extends an arm with their palm down, moving the arm back and forth horizontally. What is the meaning of this signal?

Answer 15

Stop

Question 16

best describes the corner/edge radius for a lifting chain, below which is NOT recommended?

Answer 16

Any radius equal to one chain diameter.

Rigging chain incurs edge load when wrapped around corners or a radius. The load capacity may be affected if the radius is small enough. The load capacity is NOT affected (Load Factor of 1) for any radius greater than twice the chain diameter. For any radius greater than one chain diameter but not greater than twice the chain diameter the Load Factor is reduced to 0.7. Any radius equal to or less than one chain diameter is NOT recommended!

Question 17

The rope part labelled with a C is known as what?

Answer 17

Loop

Question 18

A crane signal person extends both arms palms down and moves both arms back and forth horizontally. What is the meaning of this signal.

Answer 18

Emergency stop.

Question 19

A wire rope that is used to support a load and runs over drums/sheaves is referred to as which?

Answer 19

Running rope.

Rigging Wire Rope Application:
Running Ropes (Ropes that move supports loads and run over drums/sheaves)
Standing Ropes (Ropes that support loads but do not run over drums/sheaves)

Question 20

best describe the Fiber Rope Knot/Bend/Hitch shown above?

Answer 20

Bowline on a Bight

Bowline on a Bight
Use:
Making a seat when hoisting or lifting a person
Pros:
Easy to tie
Does not jam

Question 21

The rope part labelled with a Dis known as which

Answer 21

Bight

Question 22

Scaffolding must be installed to support a 160lb mechanic, 190lb mechanic, tools weighing 100lbs and materials weighing 190lbs. What is the minimum load that this scaffolding must be rated for?

Answer 22

2560lbs

Scaffolding must be rated to support at least 4 times the expected load. For this example 160+190+100+190 = 640lbs x 4 = 2560lbs

Question 23

What is the reduction in the Working Load Limit (WLL) of an eye bolt when using a rigging hook in the eye bolt?

Answer 23

Rigging hooks should not be used directly with an eye bolt

Rigging hooks should not be used directly with eye bolts. A shackle is used is used as shown and then the hook is used in the shackle.

Question 24

A crane signal person extends their arm downward with the forefinger pointing down moving in small horizontal circles.

Answer 24

Lower the load

Question 25

best describe the purpose of seizing the end of a wire rope?

Answer 25

Binds the individual components of a wire rope together preventing unwinding.

Question 26

Which of the following Fiber Rope Knots/Bends/Hitches is employed to connect only two fiber ropes with the same diameter? A. Clove hitch B. Square/Reef knot C. Sheet Bend D. Half Hitch

Answer 26

Square/Reef Knot. This is a Square or Reef Knot. Use: Securing a ropes of the same diameters together Pros: Simple Note: This knot unties easily and should be used with caution.

Question 27

What is the maximum allowable reduction in Chain Sling Link Diameter before the sling should be taken out of service?

Answer 27

10% Chain slings become damaged with use. When chain links wear, stretch or become nicked/gouged, the cross-sectional diameter of the link reduces. A chain sling should be removed from service when any link diameter is reduce by greater than 10% of its original diameter.

Question 28

After use, a Come Along/Lever Hoist chain is observed to be coated in grease. What should be performed?

Answer 28

The chain should be cleaned with an appropriate solvent. Come Along / Lever Chain Hoist Maintenance Come Alongs / Lever Chain Hoists should be cleaned, inspected and lubricated after each use regardless of contamination level. Cleaning The chain should be cleaned with a non-acidic/non-caustic (neutral) solvent. A commonly employed solvent is kerosene. Inspection The chain should be inspected link by link for stretching, twisting, nicks and wear. Lubrication The chain should be lightly lubricate with a manufacturer approved chain oil.

Question 29

Which of the following best describes how a Left Lay wire rope should be wound onto a drum? A. Underwind left to right B. Underwind right to left C. Overwind left to right D. Overwind right to left E. Either A or D

Answer 29

E. Either A or D

Question 30

what reduction of a wire rope diameter should the rope be removed from service?

Answer 30

1/3 the original outer wire diameter or greater. Wire Rope Abrasion/Wear Limits A wire rope should be removed from service when the diameter is reduced by 1/3 of the outer wire original diameter or greater

Question 31

best describe the Fiber Rope Knot/Bend/Hitch shown above?

Answer 31

Sheet Bend This is a Sheet Bend. Use: Securing a ropes of different diameters together Pros: Simple Works well for ropes of differing diameters Note: Because the Carrick Bend is easier to hand tighten, it should be used when tying heavy large diameter ropes together instead of the Sheet Bend

Question 32

When rigging a bundle of loose cylindrical objects like piping which of the following techniques should be employed to ensure a full 360° contact with the load?

Answer 32

Double wrap basket hitch Because these objects can move and roll in relation to each other it is critical to ensure 360° sling contact with the bundle and ensure that the sling draws the load together tightly during the lift. The only rigging technique above that accomplishes this is the double wrap basket hitch.

Question 33

What is the minimum work platform height before guardrails are required?

Answer 33

3 meters Work platforms 3 meters or higher require guardrails for safety.

Question 34

A piece of equipment requires tapped holes for eyebolts to be installed for a lift. What is the minimum required depth for tapped holes to accommodate 1/2' eyebolts with ½-13UNC thread?

Answer 34

0.75” For strength, threaded holes intended for rigging purpose must have t least a depth of 1.5 times the nominal bolt diameter. for this example 1.5 x .5 or .75"

Question 35

A signal person places both fists in front of their body with thumbs pointing outward. Which of the following is the meaning of this signal?

Answer 35

Extend boom.

Question 36

When lifting a 6 inch diameter shaft 14 feet long with two 10 foot long slings, how far from from the center of gravity should each sling be on the shaft to maintain the minimum lift angle?.

Answer 36

5 feet The minimum safe lift angle is 60°. If each sling is 10 foot long then the distance between the two slings on the shaft would also be 10 feet to maintain the angle. The question asks what is the distance from the center of gravity. This would be half the distance between the slings or 10/2 = 5 feet.

Question 37

A crane signal person extends their arm with the thumb pointing up, flexing their fingers in and out as long as load movement is desired.

Answer 37

Raise the boom and lower the load.

Question 38

Which rigging equipment can be employed with wire rope to change the direction of pull?

Answer 38

Snatch Block. Snatch blocks can be employed to change the direction of pull with a rigging set up.

Question 39

What is the smallest side angle (to horizontal) that a shouldered eye bolt can be subjected to?

Answer 39

Eye bolts should never be side loaded Eye bolts should never be subject to side loads. Side loading will cause the bolt to bend/break

Question 40

When using Chain Slings in a Basket Hitch Application which of the following best describes the D/d Ratio (D = Diameter of Object being Lifted, d = diameter of chain link) at which the chain should be de-rated (Load Capacity Reduced)?

Answer 40

Below 6. When Chain Slings are used in the Basket Hitch Application, the chain is forced along the contour of the object being lifted. If this contour is beyond a certain point it puts stress on the chain and the chain will be unable to lift it's rated load. The D/d Ratio is the ratio of the diameters of the object being lifted to the chain link. Once this ratio falls to 6 or lower the chain must be de-rated (Load Capacity Reduced). The Chain Sling should not be used if the D/d Ratio falls below 2.

Question 41

running wire rope should be replaced if what conditions are met in regards to breaks?

Answer 41

6 or more broken wires in one rope lay length. Broken wires in a wire rope are normal. However the wire rope should be replaced if the following broken wire conditions are met: Running Ropes (Ropes that move supports loads and run over drums/sheaves) 6 or more broken wires in one rope lay length. 3 or more broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. Standing Ropes (Ropes that support loads but do not run over drums/sheaves) 3 or more broken wires in one lay length

Question 42

best describe the Fiber Rope Knot/Bend/Hitch shown above?

Answer 42

Carrick Bend. Use: Joining ropes together. Pros: After being loaded, it is easier to untie than most knots. One of the strongest knots. Cannot jam when under a load. Easily draws up tight (especially useful with heavy ropes)

Question 43

A wire rope that is used to support a load but does not run over drums/sheaves is referred to as which?

Answer 43

Standing rope

Question 44

What is the recommend Maximum Fleet Angle when winding a wire rope from a sheave to a grooved drum?

Answer 44

Maximum 2.5° fleet angle. When winding a wire rope from a sheave to a drum the maximum recommended fleet angle for plain drums is 1.5° and for grooved drums it is 2.5°. Excessive fleet angles can lead lead to abrasive damage/wear to sheave, drum and wire rope.

Question 45

When workers can be underneath an elevated work platform, what is the minimum height before toe-boards are required?

Answer 45

3.5 meters.

Question 46

What is an advantage of Chain Sling Clevis Hooks over a Eye Hooks?

Answer 46

Easily replaced. Eye Eye attachments have greater maneuverability than what the clevis type. This allows for more flexibility and efficiency when positioning the hook. The disadvantage is that it is a permanent design. Therefore any damage to the hook requires the entire sling to be retired. Clevis Clevis attachments have less maneuverability than the eye type but has the advantage of being replaceable. Swivel Swivel attachments allow for maximum maneuverability and can be replaced. Swivel hooks are found in two types. Positioning Swivel - allows for swiveling when connected to the load but not under load. True Swivel - employs a bearing, allowing for swiveling at all time. These hooks prevent twisting of the chain.

Question 47

When would a Wire Rope end be Welded instead of seized with wire?

Answer 47

When the wire must based trough small openings and seizing would interfere Seizing wire rope ends with wire is the recommended treatment. When the end of the wire must pass through small openings such as pulley/drum openings, wedge sockets and some reeving setups a seized end may be too large. In these cases the wire end can be fused by torch or welding. Welding does negatively impact the steel in the localized area. The welded portion of rope Must be remove once no longer needed. If the weld remains it will prevent the independent strands from moving freely when bent or force around bends. This restricted motion will cause damage within the rope. Only Rotation Resistant Wire Rope can have the weld remain.

Question 48

In Canada, what is the maximum a rigging hook throat can increase in percentage before it should be removed from service?

Answer 48

15% Rigging hook throats will open with usage and the material deforms and wears. The law in Canada (Occupational Health and Safety) is that if the throat opening stretches (grows larger) 15% of the normal opening or greater the hook must be removed from service. In practice, hooks are often removed at far smaller stretch points. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) set the limit at 5%

Question 49

A wire rope is inspected and wire breaks are discovered. The wires have broken in a way the the diameter of the wire reduces slight (necks down) to break to form a slight "cup/cone" appearance. What is the most likely cause of this breakage?

Answer 49

The wire break was caused excessive tensile load.

Question 50

A crane signal person extends their arms with both fists in front of body with thumbs pointing toward each other. Which of the following best describes the meaning of this signal?

Answer 50

Retract the boom

Question 51

Which of the following Fiber Rope Knots/Bends/Hitches is employed to connect a rope to a rigging hook? A. Halter hitch B. Half Hitch C. Clove hitch D. Cats paw

Answer 51

D. Cats paw Cat Paw/Catspaw Use: Securing a ropes to objects such as hooks or shackles. Especially useful for securing the middle of a rope to these objects. Pros: Easy to perform Does not jam Unties itself when removed form the hook or shackle.

Question 52

A crane signal person extends an arm with their hand open and slightly raised, making pushing motion in a direction. Which of the following best describes the meaning of this signal?