This is concerned with finding a value or range of values for an unknown parameter.
ESTIMATION
This deals with evaluating a claim or a conjecture about a parameter or distribution of the population.
TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
An ____ of a parameter is a rule or a formula for computing an estimate using the sample data.
• It is usually denoted by a Greek letter with a ‘hat’
estimator
An ___ is a numerical value of the estimator.
estimate
An estimator must be
____.
This measures the closeness of an estimate to its true value.
ACCURATE
Accuracy
To measure accuracy, we use ___.
bias
This is the difference between the expected value of the estimates and the parameter measures how close the estimates are to the parameter.
Bias
An estimator with its bias equal to zero is said to be an ___ estimator of 0.
unbiased
An estimator must be
___.
____ measures the closeness of the different possible values of the
§ estimator to each other.
PRECISE
Precision
The ___ of an estimator can be measured by its variance or by its standard error which is the square root of the variance.
precision
An ____ is a formula that gives a range of values for estimating a parameter.
INTERVAL ESTIMATOR
A____ confidence interval is based on intuition.
subjective
A ____ confidence interval estimate is based on sample values with an assumed measure of confidence.
statistical
An ____ is one that is narrow and accurate.
ideal estimate
This is based on repeated sampling, but for a given case, we usually have only a single interval under consideration.
Interval estimation
The _____ is either correct or incorrect (all or nothing), but the confidence level gives us an indication of the proportion of correct intervals that can be expected with repeating the estimation procedure.
Once an interval is constructed, we do not find out if it is actually correct.
single confidence interval
This is an area of statistical inference in which one evaluates a conjecture about some characteristic of the parent population based upon the information contained in the random sample.
Hypothesis testing
Usually the____ concerns one of the unknown parameters of the population.
conjecture
A ___ is a claim or statement about the population parameter
hypothesis
Examples of parameters are: (2)
• The __ must be identified before analysis
population mean or proportion
parameter
denoted by Ho
• the statement being tested
• it represents what the experimenter doubts to be true
• must contain the condition of equality and «must be written with the symbol =,>,<
Null Hypothesis
denoted by Ha
• Is the statement that must be true if the null hypothesis is false
• the operational statement of the theory that the experimenter believes to be true and wishes to prove
Is sometimes referred to as the research
hypothesis
Alternative Hypothesis
The mistake of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
Type 1 Error
Is type 1 error a miscalculation or procedural misstep?
No, it is an actual error that can occur when a rare event happens by chance.
