Normal diffusion
Transports small non-polar molecules directly through the lipid bi layer with no protein involvement
Facilitated diffusion
moves polar molecules across the membrane using channel and carrier proteins
What is exocytosis?
Exocytosis is a type of bull transportation releasing waste through the cell membrane
Prokaryotic cells
- no nucleus
- no organelles
- single circular DNA strand
- always has a cell wall
Eukaryotic cells
- has a nucleus
- multiple organelles
- multiple linear DNA strands found in the nucleus
- sometimes has a cell wall
Unicellular
Composed of a single cell and carries all necessary functions of life
Colonial
A group of individual cells that live independently close together
Multicellular
An organism made up of multiple unique cells with a high level of specialisation that all rely on each other for survival
Cohesion theory
The cohesion theory is the theory that explains the transportation of water up the xylem of a plant
Small intestine
The small intestine absorbs essential nutrients from digested foods including amino acid, glucose, glycerol etc.
Alveolus
Allows diffusion of oxygen into deoxygenated blood and carbon dioxide to exit the oxygenated blood
What are Cane toads?
Cane toads are an invasive species introduces to Australia in 1935 to control sugar cane toads but spread rapidly having a huge effect on the predators and competition
Natural selection
AKA theory of evolution, is a genetic mutation that may occur due to biotic and abiotic factors causing a dominant feature
Divergent evolution
Process of two or more related species becoming dissimilar through evolution
Convergent evolution
Convergent is a group of unrelated species adapting to similar ecological niches
Quadrats
Estimated Population Size = (Mean number of organisms per quadrat × Total area of habitat) / Area of one quadrat
Ecosystem restoration
- replant
- soil restoration
- erosion control
- restore water cycle
- remove invasive species
O2 concentrations and ice core drilling
Ice core drilling relies on oxygen isotope ratios which serve as a proxy for past temperatures which allows us to estimate past atmosphere
