HOSA: Human G&D > Prenatal > Flashcards

Prenatal Flashcards

(78 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

define a ZYGOTE

A

single celled fertilized egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define a KARYOTYPE

A

chromosomal structure of organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define KARYOTYPING

A

process to predict transmission of genetic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what genetic condition is more common in African Americans

A

sickle cell disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what genetic condition is more common in Jewish Europeans?

A

Tay-Sachs disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is TAY-SACHS disease

A

recessive condition; unable to break down some fats causing them to build up & block neurotransmission leading to cognitive & physical deterioration & early death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define TERATOGENS

A

chemical/physical toxins to unborn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

list types of teratogens

A
  • bacterial, protozoan, & viral infections
  • toxoplasmosis
  • alcohol
  • nicotine/cigarettes
  • caffeine
  • radiation/lead/mercury
  • marijuana
  • cocaine
  • heroin
  • methamphetamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define TOXOPLASMOSIS & how to avoid

A

common parasite; eat well cooked meat & avoid cat litter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

list results of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

A
  • miscarriages
  • still birth
  • prenatal & postnatal growth restrictions
  • CNS abnormalities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

list potential results if consuming alcohol when pregnant

A
  • facial deformities
  • defective limbs & heart
  • below avg intelligence
  • cognitive disabilities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

list potential results if consuming nicotine/cigarettes when pregnant

A
  • low birth weight
  • growth restriction
  • premature birth
  • congenital & cardiovascular disorgers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the potential result when consuming caffeine during pregnancy

A

miscarriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the potential results when exposed to radiation/lead/mercury during pregnancy

A

miscarriage & congenital disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the potential results when ingesting marijuana during pregnancy

A
  • premature birth
  • low birthweight & slow weight gain
  • neurological disorders
  • respiratory problems
  • SIDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the potential results when ingesting cocaine during pregnancy

A
  • low birth weight
  • shorter birth length
  • smaller head circumference
  • slower motor development in infancy
  • slower growth thru age 10
  • excitability/irritability
  • neurological, cognitive, & medical deficits
  • behavioral & attention issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the potential results when ingesting heroin during pregnancy

A
  • behavior & attention issues
  • withdrawal issues
  • excitability/irritability
  • excessive crying
  • disturbed sleep
  • slower motor development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the potential results when ingesting methamphetamine during pregnancy

A
  • low birth weight
  • higher infant mortality
  • neurological & cognitive deficits
  • behavior & attention issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

define OVULATION

A

period where the ovum matures & is released about every 28 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define MORULA

A

cell mass (produced from zygote going thru cell divisions) that divides & changes as it goes from fallopian tube to uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

define BLASTOCYTE

A

morula that implants into uterine wall @ point of implantation; generally 64-128 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

define EMBRYO

A

multi-celled organism after implantation consisting of 3 parts that turn into various body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

list the 3 parts of an embryo

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, & endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What body parts are from the ectoderm of an embryo?

A

nervous, ears, nose, & eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What body parts are from the mesoderm of an embryo?
bone, muscle, circulatory, & reproductive
26
what body parts are from the endoderm of an embryo?
digestive & respiratory
27
define a FETUS
embryo w/all essential structures @ end of week 8
28
list the process of embryo formation starting at conception & ending @ birth
conception > zygote > morula > implantation > blastocyte > embryo > fetus > birth
29
about how long is pregnancy
40 weeks
30
How long is the 1st trimester of pregnancy
1-12 weeks
31
how long is the 2nd trimester of pregnancy
13-24 weeks
32
how long is the 3rd trimester of pregnancy
24 weeks-birth
33
how long is the PRE-EMBRYONIC/GERMINAL stage
fertilization - 2 weeks
34
how long is the EMBRYONIC stage
2 wks - 8 wks
35
how long is the FETAL stage
8 wks - birth
36
list significant developments in week 4 of pregnancy
- signs of arms & legs - heart, liver, blood cells, & beginning of brain
37
list significant developments in weeks 6-8 of pregnancy
- heart chambers - rapid brain development - limbs, face, GI, genitals - organogenesis finished
38
list significant developments in weeks 9-12 of pregnancy
- bile & kidney secretion - enamel, dentin, & bone marrow - distinguishing sex - respiration reflex - brain features - ossification
39
list significant developments in weeks 13-16 of pregnancy
- active fetus - calcified skeleton - placenta - circulating heart - enzyme secretion - increase respiration
40
list significant developments in weeks 17-20 of pregnancy
- heartbeat thru stethoscope - hair & nails - vernix caseosa - fat deposits
41
list significant developments in weeks 21-24 of pregnancy
- skin wrinkled & pink - ears - some breathing - increase vernix caseosa
42
list significant developments in weeks 25-28 of pregnancy
- looks like old man - eyelids open - subcutaneous fat - testes
43
list significant developments in weeks 29-32 of pregnancy
- skin pink & smooth - definition & descent of genitalia - crease on soles - conditioned to sound
44
list significant developments in weeks 33-36 of pregnancy
- increased fat - skin thick & white - lanugo disappears - breast tissue
45
list significant developments in weeks 37-40 of pregnancy
- plump - ears - eye color - antibodies
46
what is considered full term
at least 38 weeks
47
what hormones are produced during labor
progesterone, oxytocin, & prostaglandins
48
purpose of PROGESTERONE
maintains pregnancy & stimulates contractions
49
purpose of OXYTOCIN
stimulates contractions & prepares breasts
50
purpose of PROSTAGLANDINS
stimulates contractions
51
what are the 3 stages of labor
dilation, expulsion, afterbirth
52
describe the DILATION stage of labor
generally 12-24 hrs; regular contractions & effacement
53
define effacement
shortening & thinning of cervix
54
describe the EXPULSION stage of labor
generally 1 1/2 hours; most difficult stage; begins w/complete dilation & ends w/birth
55
describe the AFTERBIRTH (stage 3) stage of labor
generally 5-30 minutes; begins w/birth of baby & ends with placenta delivery
56
define the PLACENTA
organ that produces hormones, transports nutrients & wastes, & protects the baby
57
define the umbilical cord
cord of 3 blood vessels (2 arteries & vein)
58
the umbilical vein does what
deliver O2 & nutrients to baby
59
the umbilical arteries does what
delivery waste & deoxygenated blood to placenta
60
how much weight gain is expected if the mother was orginally at a healthy weight
25-35 pounds
61
what are generally in prenatal vitamins
iron, folic acid, & calcium
62
what are the benefits of folic acid if pregnancy
reduce brain & spine defects
63
what are the benefits of calcium in pregnancy
stronger bones in mom & baby
64
what are the benefits of iron in pregnancy
reduce chance of low birth weight
65
what foods should pregnant women avoid
- fish & shellfish high in mercury - undercooked meats/poultry/eggs - unpasteurized dairy
66
what are the effects of stress during pregnancy
low birth weights & premature birth
67
teen moms have an increase chance for
hypertension, preterm labor, low birth weight, & poorer health
68
moms older than 35 have an increase chance for
baby defects & abnormalities, gestational diabetes, miscarriage, issues w/C-section
69
in moms older than 35, _____ takes longer & there is an increased risk for _____
conception; multiples
70
why do babies of moms older than 35 have an increase chance of defects & abnormalities
eggs have longer exposure to environmental toxins & older they are more chance of chromosome oddities
71
define the lamaze method
partner helps mom keep track & time contractions while providing emotional support
72
in a preemie, when do they have the best chance of survival
after 28 weeks
73
preemies often experience what in life
developmental/milestone delays
74
what is a low birth weight
less than 5.8 lbs
75
what is a very low birth weight
less than 3.5 lbs
76
when is induced labor done
when there is risk to baby or mom
77
what are the cons to induced labor
contractions more intence & greater need for C-section
78
what are the causes of oxygen deprivation to baby
pressure on blood vessels or inadequate blood supply between mom & baby bc of problems w/cord or placenta
HOSA: Human G&D
flashcards
Decks in class (15)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions