PSY 213- Human Growth & Development > Prenatal Development & Birth > Flashcards

Prenatal Development & Birth Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

Define prenatal development.

A

The process of development of the fetus from conception to birth.

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2
Q

True or false: Teratogens can harm fetal development.

A

TRUE

Teratogens include substances like alcohol, drugs, and certain infections.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The embryonic stage occurs from _______ to _______ weeks.

A

2 to 8 weeks

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4
Q

What is the role of the placenta?

A

To provide nutrients and oxygen to the fetus and remove waste.

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5
Q

Define fetal alcohol syndrome.

A

A condition resulting from alcohol exposure during pregnancy, leading to physical and cognitive impairments.

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6
Q

What is the critical period in prenatal development?

A

A time when specific organs and structures are developing and are particularly vulnerable.

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7
Q

True or false: Genetics play no role in prenatal development.

A

FALSE

Genetics influence traits and susceptibility to disorders.

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8
Q

What is attachment in the context of prenatal development?

A

The emotional bond that develops between the mother and fetus.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The neural tube forms during the _______ stage.

A

embryonic

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10
Q

Define low birth weight.

A

A birth weight of less than 5.5 pounds, often linked to health risks.

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11
Q

What is the impact of stress on prenatal development?

A

High stress can lead to preterm birth and developmental issues.

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12
Q

True or false: Nutrition during pregnancy does not affect fetal development.

A

FALSE

Proper nutrition is crucial for healthy fetal growth.

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13
Q

What is preterm birth?

A

Birth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: Cognitive development begins in the _______ trimester.

A

third

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15
Q

Define neonatal period.

A

The first 28 days of life after birth, crucial for adjustment.

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16
Q

What is the role of hormones during pregnancy?

A

To regulate bodily changes and prepare for childbirth.

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17
Q

True or false: Environmental factors can influence prenatal development.

A

TRUE

Factors include pollution, diet, and maternal health.

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18
Q

What is gestational age?

A

The age of the fetus calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The first trimester lasts until _______ weeks.

A

12

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20
Q

Define birth defects.

A

Abnormalities present at birth that can affect health and development.

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21
Q

What is the importance of prenatal care?

A

To monitor the health of the mother and fetus throughout pregnancy.

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22
Q

True or false: Smoking during pregnancy has no effect on the fetus.

A

FALSE

Smoking can lead to low birth weight and developmental issues.

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23
Q

What is maternal age’s effect on prenatal development?

A

Older maternal age can increase risks for chromosomal abnormalities.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: Ultrasound is used to monitor _______ during pregnancy.

A

fetal development

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25
Define **perinatal psychology**.
The study of psychological aspects of pregnancy, childbirth, and early parenthood.
26
What is the **impact of maternal depression** on prenatal development?
It can lead to adverse effects on fetal growth and development.
27
True or false: **Breastfeeding** has no psychological benefits for infants.
FALSE ## Footnote Breastfeeding supports bonding and emotional health.
28
What is **attachment theory**?
A psychological model explaining the dynamics of long-term relationships, including parent-child bonding.
29
Fill in the blank: **Amniotic fluid** protects the fetus from _______.
shock
30
Define **neurodevelopment**.
The process of growth and maturation of the nervous system.
31
What is the **role of maternal health** in prenatal development?
Maternal health directly affects fetal growth and development outcomes.
32
True or false: **Vitamins** are not necessary during pregnancy.
FALSE ## Footnote Essential vitamins like folic acid are crucial for fetal development.
33
What is **sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)**?
The sudden, unexplained death of an infant, often during sleep.
34
Fill in the blank: The **second trimester** spans from _______ to _______ weeks.
13 to 26 weeks
35
Define **psychosocial factors** in prenatal development.
Social and psychological influences affecting maternal behavior and fetal health.
36
What is the **impact of paternal involvement** during pregnancy?
Positive paternal involvement can enhance maternal well-being and fetal outcomes.
37
True or false: **Caffeine** consumption during pregnancy is completely safe.
FALSE ## Footnote High caffeine intake can be linked to low birth weight.
38
What is **fetal movement**?
The physical movements of the fetus, often felt by the mother in the second trimester.
39
Fill in the blank: **Chronic stress** can lead to _______ birth outcomes.
adverse
40
Define **maternal nutrition**.
The dietary intake of the mother, crucial for fetal health and development.
41
What is the **role of genetics** in prenatal development?
Genetics determine inherited traits and susceptibility to certain conditions.
42
True or false: **Prenatal vitamins** are optional during pregnancy.
FALSE ## Footnote Prenatal vitamins are recommended to support fetal development.
43
What is **fetal heart rate monitoring**?
A method to assess the heart rate of the fetus during pregnancy.
44
Fill in the blank: **Amniocentesis** is a procedure to test for _______.
genetic disorders
45
Define **psychological resilience** during pregnancy.
The ability of a mother to cope with stress and challenges during pregnancy.
46
What is the **impact of maternal smoking** on fetal development?
It increases risks for low birth weight, preterm birth, and developmental issues.
47
True or false: **Prenatal exposure** to drugs can affect long-term development.
TRUE ## Footnote Exposure can lead to behavioral and cognitive issues later in life.
48
What is **cognitive development** in the prenatal context?
The development of brain structures and functions that influence learning and behavior.
49
Fill in the blank: **Neurons** begin to form during the _______ stage.
embryonic
50
Define **maternal stress**.
Psychological or emotional strain experienced by a mother during pregnancy.
51
What is the **importance of prenatal screening**?
To identify potential health issues in the fetus early in pregnancy.
52
True or false: **Maternal age** has no impact on pregnancy outcomes.
FALSE ## Footnote Both very young and older mothers face increased risks.
53
What is **fetal programming**?
The concept that prenatal conditions can influence long-term health and behavior.
54
Fill in the blank: **Gestational diabetes** can affect _______ health.
fetal
55
Define **attachment styles**.
Patterns of attachment behavior that develop in response to caregiving during infancy.
56
What is the **role of oxytocin** during childbirth?
To stimulate contractions and promote bonding between mother and infant.
57
True or false: **Postpartum depression** can affect maternal-infant attachment.
TRUE ## Footnote It can hinder emotional bonding and caregiving.
58
What is **neonatal care**?
Medical care provided to newborns, especially those born prematurely or with health issues.
59
Fill in the blank: The **third trimester** lasts from _______ weeks until birth.
27
60
Define **maternal bonding**.
The emotional connection that develops between a mother and her newborn.
61
What is the **impact of maternal obesity** on prenatal development?
Increased risks for gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and birth defects.
62
True or false: **Prenatal exposure** to lead is harmless.
FALSE ## Footnote Lead exposure can lead to developmental delays and cognitive issues.
63
What is **fetal growth restriction**?
A condition where the fetus does not grow to its expected size during pregnancy.
64
Fill in the blank: **Prenatal depression** can lead to _______ outcomes.
negative
65
Define **psychological support** during pregnancy.
Emotional and mental assistance provided to expectant mothers.
66
What is the **importance of prenatal education**?
To prepare parents for childbirth and parenting, enhancing outcomes.
67
True or false: **Maternal anxiety** can affect fetal development.
TRUE ## Footnote High anxiety levels can lead to preterm birth and behavioral issues.
68
What is **early intervention** in the context of prenatal development?
Programs designed to support at-risk mothers and infants to improve outcomes.
69
Fill in the blank: **Folic acid** is crucial for preventing _______ defects.
neural tube
70
Define **perinatal loss**.
The loss of a fetus or newborn, which can have significant psychological impacts.
71
What is the **role of doulas** during pregnancy and childbirth?
To provide physical and emotional support to mothers during labor.
72
True or false: **Infant massage** can enhance bonding.
TRUE ## Footnote It promotes physical and emotional connection between parent and child.
73
What is **maternal health education**?
Information provided to mothers about health practices during pregnancy.
74
Fill in the blank: **Breastfeeding** is recommended for at least _______ months.
six
75
Define **infant temperament**.
The innate characteristics of an infant that influence their behavior and emotional responses.
76
What is the **impact of maternal drug use** on prenatal development?
It can lead to addiction, withdrawal symptoms, and developmental issues in infants.
77
True or false: **Postpartum support** is unnecessary for new mothers.
FALSE ## Footnote Support can help prevent postpartum depression and enhance well-being.
78
What is **infant cognitive development**?
The progression of mental processes in infants, including learning and memory.
79
Fill in the blank: **Skin-to-skin contact** promotes _______ between mother and infant.
bonding
80
Define **maternal stress management**.
Strategies to reduce stress in pregnant women to improve health outcomes.
81
What is the **importance of prenatal assessments**?
To monitor fetal health and detect potential complications early.
82
True or false: **Infant sleep patterns** are established at birth.
FALSE ## Footnote Sleep patterns develop over the first few months of life.
83
What is **infant social development**?
The process by which infants learn to interact and form relationships with others.
84
Fill in the blank: **Maternal instincts** often develop during _______.
pregnancy
85
Define **prenatal exposure** to harmful substances.
The contact of the fetus with drugs, alcohol, or toxins during pregnancy.
86
What is the **impact of maternal health conditions** on prenatal development?
Conditions like diabetes or hypertension can adversely affect fetal health.
87
True or false: **Emotional support** is important during pregnancy.
TRUE ## Footnote Emotional support can enhance maternal mental health and fetal outcomes.
88
What is **infant emotional development**?
The process by which infants learn to express and manage emotions.
89
Fill in the blank: **Prenatal classes** prepare parents for _______.
childbirth
90
Define **maternal health disparities**.
Differences in maternal health outcomes based on socioeconomic or racial factors.
91
What is the **importance of family support** during pregnancy?
Family support can improve maternal mental health and pregnancy outcomes.
92
True or false: **Infant development** is solely determined by genetics.
FALSE ## Footnote Environment and experiences also play crucial roles.
93
What is **infant behavioral development**?
The progression of observable actions and reactions in infants.
94
Fill in the blank: **Prenatal yoga** can help reduce _______ during pregnancy.
stress
95
Define **maternal mental health**.
The psychological well-being of a mother during and after pregnancy.
96
What is the **impact of maternal nutrition** on breastfeeding?
Good nutrition supports milk production and quality for breastfeeding.
97
True or false: **Infant health** is not influenced by prenatal factors.
FALSE ## Footnote Prenatal care and maternal health significantly impact infant health.
PSY 213- Human Growth & Development
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