present subjunctive

Question 1

when is the subjunctive used?

Answer 1

• mood: reflects how a speaker feels about an action
• when there is some uncertainty surroudning the action

Question 2

how do you form the present subjunctive?

Answer 2

1) ‘yo’ form of present tense verb
2) remove the -o ending
3) add appropriate ending

Question 3

what are the conjugations for AR and ER/IR verbs?

Answer 3

-AR
yo: -e
tu: -es
el/ella: -e
nosotros: -emos
vosotros: -éis
ellos/ellas: -en

-ER/IR
yo: -a
tu: -as
el/ella: -a
nosotros: -amos
vosotros: -áis
ellos/ellas: -an

Question 4

what are the main irregulars?

Answer 4

SER: sea, seas, sea, seamos …
HACER: haga, hagas …
HABER: haya, hayas …
IR: vaya, vayas …
VER: vea, veas …

Question 5

USE 1: “cuando” + “hasta que”

Answer 5

• future/possibility - may/might happen

e.g. cuando tenga 17 años voy a aprender a conducir (this is a possibility - there is a chance it might not happen)

Question 6

USE 2: wanting + requesting

Answer 6

• ALWAYS talking about wanting OTHER PEOPLE to do something

e.g. Quieres que yo te lave esto?
Mama quiere que me ayudas

OTHER EXAMPLES:
-Que lo pases bien = have a good time
-Que te diviertas = enjoy yourself
-Que aproveches = enjoy

Question 7

USE 3: verbs of emotion

Answer 7

-hopes + wishes about SOMEONE ELSE

EXAMPLES:
-Esperar que
-Me gusta que
-Quiero que
-Temo que = i fear that
-Siento que
-Me da pena que = it’s a shame/pity
-Me alegra de que = it makes me happy
-Estar enojado de que = to be angry/upset/annoyed

e.g mis padres esperan que yo aprobe mis examenes

Question 8

USE 4: evaluation + judgement

Answer 8

• impersonal expressions or judgement

PHRASES THAT TRIGGER THE SUBJUNCTIVE:
-es natural que
-qué pena que
-es una vergüenza/lástima que = it’s a shame that
-es necesario que
-basta que = it’s enough/satisfatory for you to
-es una casualidad que = it’s pure chance that
-qué rabia que = it’s a nuisance that
-ya es hora que = it’s about time that
-me parece mal que = i disapprove of
-me parece bien = i approve of
-es justo que = it’s only right that
-me molesta que
-me sorprende que
-me alegra que
me importa un bledo que = i couldn’t care less whether
-me irrita que

EXCEPTIONS (that don’t use it)
-menos mal que = it’s just as well that
-es mejor que

Question 9

USE 5: doubt + denial

Answer 9

• must be doubt/denial over a DIFFERENT person/group
  -negar = to deny, dudar= to doubt

EXAMPLES THAT USE SUBJUNCTIVE + EXPRESS DOUBT:
-dudar que
-negar que
-no estar convencido que = to not be convinced that
-no estar seguro de que
-no imaginarse que
-no parecer que
-no pensar que
-no creer que
-no suponer que
-quizas/tal vez = perhaps/maybe

Question 10

USE 6: after subordinators (phrases that link 2 causes)

Answer 10

In order to/so that:
-a fin de que
-para que
-con el objeto de que
-con el propósito de que
-con la intención de que

So (that):
-de modo que
-de manera que

As long as/provided that:
-siempre que

On the condition that:
-a condición de que
-bajo la condición de que

Unless:
-salvo que
-excepto que
-a menos que

Although/even if:
-aunque
-aun cuando

Despite:
-a pesar de que
-pese a que

In case:
-en caso de que

Question 11

USE 7: “whenever”, “however”, etc

Answer 11

-comoquiera que = however
-por mucho (+ adjective) que = however much
-dondequiera que = wherever
-cualquiera que = whichever/anyone who
-cualquier cosa que = whatever
-quienquiera que = whoever
-cuanto más…más = the more.. the more…
-cuandoquiera = whenever