Presentations

Question 1

What position does a SLAP lesion occur in?

Answer 1

12:00 position

Question 2

What causes SLAP lesion?

Answer 2

acute trauma or repetitive motion

Question 3

What are the associated pathologies of a SLAP lesion?

Answer 3

Bankart lesion

Rotator cuff lesion

Question 4

Type I SLAP Lesion:

Answer 4

Fraying of the superior labrum

No detachment at the biceps tendon insertion

Question 5

Type II SLAP lesion:

Answer 5

Detachment of the superior labrum and biceps tendon

Question 6

Type III SLAP lesion

Answer 6

Bucket handle tear of superior labrum

Intact biceps

Question 7

Type IV SLAP lesion

Answer 7

Bucket handle tear of superior labrum

Tearing of the biceps tendon

Question 8

What is GIRD due to?

Answer 8

contracture of posterior, inferior portion of the joint capsule

Question 9

What phase does a SLAP lesion occur?

Answer 9

late cocking phase or during deceleration

Question 10

Signs and Symptoms of SLAP lesion:

Answer 10

decreased strength
decreased ROM (including IR)
popping and catching
pain inside shoulder

Question 11

What are the tests for a SLAP lesion?

Answer 11

Biceps load Test II
Passive Compresion Test
Anterior Slide Test
Supine Flexion Resistance Test (Type II Slap lesion)
O'Brien's test

Question 12

What are the treatments for a SLAP lesion?

Answer 12

rest
NSAID
rehab

Question 13

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 13

entrapment of the median nerve while passing the wrist

Question 14

What are the signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel?

Answer 14

• Paresthesias (numbness, tingling, burning) involving the median nerve distribution (first 3 digits and median half of 4th digit)
• Increasing pain in the hand with repetitive use
• Deep aching pain in the wrist
• intermittent and worse at night
• wasting of thenar and first two lumbricals

Question 15

What does the rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps cause?

Answer 15

flexion and supination losses
pain in the elbow
can be partial or complete tear

Question 16

What is the MOI of biceps rupture?

Answer 16

a single, unanticipated extension force that is placed on the elbow when it is in the flexed position

Question 17

Where does a biceps rupture occur?

Answer 17

distal end where it inserts into radial tuberosity

Question 18

What are the two main causes of bicep tendon tears?

Answer 18

• injury (force of 40 kg or more against resistance from an elbow in about 90 degrees of flexion
• overuse (fraying over time)

Question 19

What are risk factors for tendon tear?

Answer 19

age
heavy overhead activities
shoulder overuse
smoking
corticosteriod medications

Question 20

ADLs usually require:

Answer 20

30-130 of flexion (100 degrees total)

Question 21

During flexion at humero-ulnar joint:

Answer 21

concave surface of trochlear notch of ulna rolls and slides anteriorly on the convex trochlea

Question 22

Flexion and extension at humero-radial joint:

Answer 22

fovea of radius rolling and sliding across rounded capitulum

Question 23

Average amount of pronation rotation

Answer 23

75 degrees

Question 24

Average amount of supination rotation

Answer 24

85 degrees

Question 25

Clinical features of bicep tendon tear:

Answer 25

pop at elbow when tendon ruptures pain is severe at first, but subsides after 1-2 weeks swelling at elbow bruising in elbow and forearm pain and weakness of elbow flexion and forearm supination

Question 26

Cervical Disc Herniation:

Answer 26

linked to a variety of neuropathic problems and often times resulting in severe pain, resulting in decrease quality of life

Question 27

What are neuropathic complicxations?

Answer 27

neck and arm pain accompanied by changes in motor, sensory and reflex changes

Question 28

Primary motion of C1 (atlas)

Answer 28

flexion and extension

Question 29

Primary motion of C2 (axis)

Answer 29

rotation

Question 30

What are the 4 parts of the vertebral artery?

Answer 30

pre-transverse VA cervical Va suboccipital VA intracranial VA

Question 31

Cranial motion in sagittal plane:

Answer 31

flexion and extension | protraction and retraction

Question 32

Cranial motion in the horizontal plane:

Answer 32

axial rotation

Question 33

Cranial motion in the frontal plane:

Answer 33

lateral flexion

Question 34

Stable cervical spine injury:

Answer 34

compression fracture traumatic disk herniation unilateral facet dislocations

Question 35

Unstable cervical spine injury

Answer 35

fracture-dislocations | bilateral facet dislocations

Question 36

MOI of cervical spinal injury

Answer 36

aging and degeneration traumatic injury acute disk injury

Question 37

Signs and symptoms of cervical spine injury

Answer 37

``` ipsilateral pain in the neck radiating pain down the arm and fingers numbness or tingling neck flexion and arm abduction decreased sensation to pain, touch or vibration cervical radiculopathy cervical myelopathy ```

Question 38

Why is the AC joint susceptible to dislocation?

Answer 38

because of the sloped nature of the articulation and the high probability of receiving a large shearing force

Question 39

What is the MOI for AC joint separation?

Answer 39

Blunt trauma Force applied directly over the superolateral border of the shoulder usually during a fall with the humerus adducted

Question 40

What are the primary movements of AC joint?

Answer 40

upward and downward rotation

Question 41

What are the secondary movements of the AC joint?

Answer 41

external and internal rotation | anterior and posterior tilting

Question 42

What are the signs and symptoms of AC joint separation?

Answer 42

``` pain, regional swelling, and bruising decreased ROM Scapular weakness hypermobile clavicle elevated clavicle ```

Question 43

Where is a proximal stress fracture?

Answer 43

the greater trochanter, femoral neck or in the femoral head | Most often the greater trochanter

Question 44

What are risk factors for hip fractures?

Answer 44

``` cardiovascular disease heart failure smoking tall stature stroke dementia ```

Question 45

MOI for stress fractures?

Answer 45

overuse repetitive microtrauma repetitive high loading which lead to weakened bone trabeculae

Question 46

Femoral on pelvic arthrokinematics:

Answer 46

convex on concave | opposite slide and roll

Question 47

Pelvic on femoral arthrokinematics:

Answer 47

concave on convex: roll and slide in same direction

Question 48

Angle of inclination:

Answer 48

angle between the shaft of the femur and the femoral neck

Question 49

Which individuals are at a higher risk to develop stress fractures at femoral neck?

Answer 49

coxa vara individuals

Question 50

What is a high risk stress fracture?

Answer 50

proximal femur is considered high risk if it is on the superolateral side of the femur tension side

Question 51

What is a low risk stress fracture?

Answer 51

A stress fracture on the inferomedial side of the femur is considered low risk. compression side

Question 52

What is medial apophysitis?

Answer 52

little leaguer's elbow | a growth plate injury on the medial or inner aspect of the elbow

Question 53

What have the highest rate of injury incidence?

Answer 53

late cocking and acceleration phases of throwing

Question 54

When does maximum valgus strain occur?

Answer 54

around 90 degrees

Question 55

What are the signs and symptoms of medial apophysitis?

Answer 55

slightly swollen warm and tender bump of the inner elbow elbow pain with use of elbow, wrist and forearm muscles pain that gets worse when bending the wrist against force

Question 56

What increases the risk of medial apophysitis?

Answer 56

``` throwing sports conditioning routines that are too intense overweight poor strength and flexibility rapid skeletal growth ```