Prev prod (Risco)

Question 1

Preventive medicine def

Answer 1

• Aim is to prevent disease and promote health, to lower number of sick animals

Question 2

Production medicine def

Answer 2

• planned animal health through the application of preventive medicine and strategic animal husbandry practices
  
  • imp animal health
  • maximize economic return to producer
  • dynamic in nature

Question 3

What’s involved in prod med

Answer 3

• Implement health programs
  
  • vaccination
  • nutrition
  • repro
  • calf rearing
  • milk quality
  • management sick animals
• personnel training and eval
• performance analysis
• problem solving
• animal comfort and welfare

Question 4

obj of prod med

Answer 4

• reduce waste
  
  • dz as a result of errors
  • failure to attain optimum production
• principal thrusts
  
  • change behavoir of farmers, reform managment
  • consider cost-benefit relationship at all levels

Question 5

Specialties of food animal prod med

Answer 5

• DVM
  
  • therio
  • med and sx
  • inf dz and path
• other
  
  • nutrition
  • eipdemiology/stats
  • economics
  • human resource management

Question 6

Clinical vs analystical acumen

Answer 6

1. monitoring strategies
2. record analysis and problem solving
   
   • ind vs group (herd)
   • cow vs human (management)
3. Tools
   
   • comp software
   • stats
   • epidemiology

Question 7

Determinant

Answer 7

• factor which when altered, produces a change in frequency or characteristic of dz
  
  • overcrowding
  • weather
  • nutrition
  • parity

Question 8

Clinical dz

Answer 8

• state of dysfunction of the body detectable by one or more of a person’s senses

Question 9

sub-clinical dz

Answer 9

• functional or anatomical abnormality detectable only with diagnostic aids, lab tests or indirect measures
  
  • SCC
  • California mastitis test
  • ketone bodies in urine

Question 10

Stress

Answer 10

• state of inability to adapt to stressor
  
  • leads to physical, behavioral and physiological changes

Question 11

Syndrome

Answer 11

• set of signs or series of events occurring together often points to single dz as cause
  
  • downer cow syndrome
    
    • multiple causes

Question 12

Symptom

Answer 12

• evidence dz perceived by a patient

Question 13

sign

Answer 13

• objective physical finding of clinician

Question 14

Production record analysis

Answer 14

• monitoring and eval of the overall productivity of herd
  
  • health outcomes
  • level productivity
  • opportunities to improve cow comfort and animal well-being
  • feeding management

Question 15

Purpose of monitoring dairy performance through records analysis

Answer 15

• to detect change within production system

Question 16

routine, systematic collection and eval of info (data) from farm

Answer 16

1. Production
   
   • milk, fat, protein
2. Reproduction
   
   • pregnancy rate, abortions
3. Health
   
   • mastitis, ketosis, LDAs, Metritis

Question 17

Target goal

TQ

Answer 17

• attainable goals in production system
  
  • Health parameters
    
    • LDA, milk fever, RFM, dystocia
  • Quality milk parameters
    
    • SCC, clinical mastitis

Question 18

Action goal

TQ

Answer 18

• figure (level) where intervention must be taken by management
• red flags

Question 19

DX tests

Clinical Decision making

Answer 19

• Blood ELISA
  
  • Johnes dz
• Total Protein in blood
  
  • failure passive transfer (<5.0) in calves
• Rothera test
  
  • subclinical ketosis (nitroprussic acid to detect acetoacetate)

Question 20

SEnsitivity (SE)

Answer 20

true positives

Question 21

Specificity (SP)

Answer 21

true negatives

Question 22

Group syndrome

Answer 22

• collection of diseases with a common characteristic
  
  • major sign
• starting point in diagnostic process
• ex: low calf crop in beef cattle

Question 23

Group syndrome flow chart

Answer 23

• Primary syndrome, collection of diseases =>
• Lack of cyclicity, lowered conception, abortion, death at birth, death of calf =>
• lowered calf crop (THIS IS THE GROUP SYNDROME)

Question 24

Food animal prod med

role veterinarian

Answer 24

• efficient production of livestock and their products through preventive medicine programs and animal comfort

Question 25

Food animal prod med Role of producer

Answer 25

* sale of a wholesome product and competition for consumer dollars * while following good management practices consistent with sustainable agriculture

Question 26

Consumer issues

Answer 26

* wholesome and economical product * animal welfare * environmental impact * organic vs conventional

Question 27

C footprint for beef

Answer 27

* C footpring per billion kg beef in 2007 reduced by 16.3% compared to equivalent systems in 1977

Question 28

GHG emissions in dairy

Answer 28

* In 2007 US produced 59% more milk using 64% fewer cows than in 1944 * 41% decrease in GHG emissions