Primary assessment Flashcards by Calina Bidal

what are the 5 steps when you approach a patient

scene assessment
primary assessment
secondary assessment
ongoing assessment
treat accordingly

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what are the intervention steps

scene survey & approach
head stabilization
primary assessment UABCd/UCABd
secondary assessment DEFG
vitals (baseline)
treatment DEFG
vitals (2nd)
transport off field
vitals (3rd)
report to EMT

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BSI PPE

body substance isolation

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three steps at a scene size-up

position of patient

number of victims

condition? traumatic or medical

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what are red tags for
(immediate)

label those who cannot survive without immediate treatment but who have a chance of survival

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what are yellow tags for
(observation)

those who require observation (& possibly later re-triage)

condition is stable and they are not in immediate danger of death

victims will still need hospital care

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what are green tags for
(wait)

reserved for “walking wounded” who will need medical care at some point after critical injuries have been treated

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what are black tags for
(expectant)

used for the deceased and for those whose injuries are so extensive that they will not survive given the care available

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what are white tags for
(dismiss)

given to those with minor injuries for whom a doctor’s care is not required

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what should you do as your approach the victim

perform initial observation

approach the patient at the head from the feet

assume the worst

stabilize the head initially

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what not to do when approaching a victim

step over them

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what should your general impressions be when approaching a victim

awake or unconscious?

bleeding?

witnesses?

M.O.I?

coherent?

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artery damage?

blood spurting

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when do you assess for blood loss

after establishing airway and breathing

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vein damage

blood oozy (steady flow)

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9 things you should look for on your patient

position of athlete
skin colour/ discolouration
sweating
bleeding
deformity
assymetry
medic alert bracelet
pupils
do they look sick?

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cyanosis

medical term for the bluish colour due to lack of oxygen in the blood

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what does pallor look like on dark skin

lips and skin become ashen gray or white and dull

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what does pallor look like on light skin

paleness

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what does pallor look like on brown skin

yellow-brown

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where to check for colour changes in dark skin

oral mucous membranes
conjunctivae (inside eye lid)

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what are the 6 type of positions an athlete can be in

-supine
-prone
-semi-prone
-awkward
-sitting
-standing

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how long should it take to locate and quickly correct life threatening processes

45seconds

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what is the CATA 262 primary assessment and how long should each step take

UABCd 30-45sec total

Unconscious 5-10sec

Airway 5sec

Breathing
10sec total
Circulation

defibrillator (if necessary)

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what is the primary assessment for general-unwitnessed situations

UCABd Unconscious 5-10sec Circulation 10 sec Airway 5 sec Breathing 10 sec defibrillator (if necessary)

how to determine LOC

AVPU Glasgow Coma Scale

What is hypoxia

Abnormally reduce o2 supply in tissue

Two types of hypoxia

Localized and general

What can cause hypoxia

Low o2 in atmosphere Pulmonary disease Venous-to-arterial shunts Inadequate o2 transport to tissues (anemia) Vitamin deficiency

What are the early signs of hypoxia

Restlessness Anxiety Tachycardia (>100bpm) Tachypnea (<12-20<>

Stages of late hypoxia

Brachycardia (<60bpm) Extreme restlessness Dyspnea Cyanosis

Where can you see hypoxia

Myocardial infarction Pulmonary edema Acutely narcotic OD Smoke inhalation Stroke CHEST INJURY SHOCK Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Normal breathing for adults and children

adults 12-20 children 15-30

What does laboured breathing look like

Accessory muscles Cyanosis Clammy skin Uneven in and out Lung wheezes

Cheyne-Stokes Breathing

Irregular pattern from head trauma or stroke Fast breathing then stopping then fast breathing Dropping of SpO2

What is AVPU

ALERT Responsive to VERBAL Responsive to PAIN UNRESPONSIVE

What questions do you ask when you asses LOC

What’s your name What happened Open your eyes Reach out and squeeze my hand Where does it hurt

What is the Glasgow coma scale grading scheme

4 points for eye opening 5 points for verbal response 6 points for motor response

What to do if patient is unconscious

Activate ERP Call 911

What services can be reached through 911 (7)

Police Fire Ambulance Hydro electricity Public works Natural gas Coast guards

What is the A in primary assessment

Open the airway

Ways to open the airway (3)

Trauma jaw thrust (spinal injury) Head-tilt/ chin-lift (no spinal) Trauma chin lift (helmet)

What should you check for in the mouth

Mouth guard Gum TONGUE saliva Blood Teeth Vomit Swelling

How to tell if an airway is obstructed

Dyspnea (shortness of breath) Accessory muscles Nasal flaring Laboured breathing noise

What’s is Dyspnea

Shortness of breath

How to assess for breathing LLF

Look Listen Feel COUNT 1 second 2 seconds OUT LOUD Keep airway open

What to do if breathing is above or below normal

Use a BVM

What’s a BVM

Bag-valve-mask

Now that breathing and airway are STILL OPEN, how to check for circulation

Check carotid pulse Is it strong or weak CHECK FOR MAJOR BLEEDING Skin condition

What to use when you have a non breathing athlete with a pulse

Use a pocket mask (16%) Pocket mask w O2 (50%) BVM with o2 reservoir (100%)

Normal pulse for adult

60-100

What’s gastric distension and what causes it

Breathing too hard/ quickly Can cause vomiting

How to maintain airway

OPA Assistant holds head

How to check for gag reflex

Eyelash flutter

How to maintain airway with OPA STILL HOLDING HEAD OPEN

1. Determine unresponsiveness 2. Athlete supine 3. Check for gag reflex 4. Measure size 5. Select correct size 6. Open mouth 7. Hold by the flange 8. Choose insertion tech 9. Insert airway without resistance 10. Rests in lips 11. Apply trauma jaw thrust WITH OPA 12. Remove open if gains consciousness

How to prevent shock

Oxygen and blanket

How low does the SpO2 need to be to apply O2

92%

Early signs of hypoxia (decrease o2 in tissues and cells)

Nervousness Irritability Apprehension Tachycardia LATE CYANOSIS

What are the early stages of hypoxia RATT

Restlessness Anxiety Tachycardia Tachypnea

What are late stages of hypoxia BEDC

Bradycardia Extreme restlessness Dyspnea Cyanosis

Primary assessment Flashcards

(61 cards)