BDS2 > Primary teeth > Flashcards

Primary teeth Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some possible dental abnormalities faced by babies/children?

A

gingival cysts, congenital epulis, natal or neonatal teeth, eruption cysts

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2
Q

Alternative terms for gingival cysts

A

Epstein’s Pearls / Bohns Nodules

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3
Q

What are gingival cysts?

A

benign keratin-filled cysts that self resolve

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4
Q

What is congenital epulis?

A

benign tumour of alveolar ridge that typically shrinks but may need surgical removal if interfering with feeding or breathing

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5
Q

Why may primary teeth be mobile?

A

roots are not yet fully developed

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6
Q

Cause of natal / neonatal teeth

A

ectopic central incisors

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7
Q

Why is it unfavourable to extract natal/neonatal teeth?

A

they are the primary teeth (not an additional set)

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8
Q

Common natal/neonatal teeth

A

lower central incisors (71, 81)

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9
Q

Possible side effect of natal/neonatal teeth

A

sore tongue (smooth teeth down)

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10
Q

When would extracting natal/neonatal teeth be considered?

A

if teeth are very mobile - could be a choking hazard

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11
Q

What is an eruption cyst?

A

small bluish fluid-filled sac that self resolves following the eruption of the tooth

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12
Q

FDI notation of upper right E / second primary molar

A

55

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13
Q

At which week of intra-uterine life (IUL) do teeth start to form?

A

week 5

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14
Q

At which week of IUL does hard tissue formation begin?

A

week 13 (can be detected on subsequent ultrasound scans - week 20 scan)

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15
Q

What stage of IUL does the primary maxillary central incisor start calcification?

A

13-16 weeks IUL

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16
Q

When is the crown of primary maxillary central incisor complete?

A

1.5 months post birth

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17
Q

When does a primary maxillary central incisor erupt?

A

8-12 months

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18
Q

when is the root of primary maxillary central incisor complete?

A

33 months

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19
Q

When does hard tissue formation of maxillary second primary molar begin?

A

16-23 weeks IUL

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20
Q

When is the crown formation of maxillary second primary molar complete?

A

11 months post birth

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21
Q

When does maxillary second primary molar (55/65) erupt?

A

25-33 months

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22
Q

When are roots of maxillary second primary molar complete?

A

47 months

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23
Q

What are the most likely causes of defects in the primary dentition?

A

difficult pregnancy or complications at birth

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24
Q

What fraction of teeth are calcified at birth?

A

1/2 central incisors, 1/3 later incisors, tips of primary canines, 1/2 first primary molars, 1/3 second primary molars, cusp tips of first permanent molars’

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25
What are some possible theories behind tooth eruption?
cellular proliferation at apex of tooth, localised change in BP/HP, metabolic activity within PDL, resorption of overlying hard tissue
26
What causes the resorption of overlying hard tissue?
enzymes in dental follicle
27
How does the dental follicle appear on a radiograph?
dark halo around unerupted tooth
28
What is the role of dental follicle in active tooth eruption?
follicle is activated to initiate osteoclastic activity in alveolar bone to clear a path for tooth eruption
29
When does eruption stop?
when tooth comes into contact with tooth/gingiva of opposing arch
30
Why does eruption continue throughout life?
to compensate for vertical jaw growth and tooth wear
31
Order of primary eruption (2 rules)
lowers before uppers (except lateral incisors), ABDCE / 12435
32
Which is the first primary tooth to erupt?
81 and 71
33
When does the first primary tooth erupt usually?
lower central incisor at 4-6 months
34
Which primary tooth erupts following the lower central incisors?
lateral incisor (7-16 months) 52, 62, 72, 82
35
Which primary tooth erupts following the lateral incisors?
primary first molars (84, 74, 64, 54) at 13-19 months
36
Which primary tooth erupts following the 1st molar?
canine (16-22 months)
37
Which primary tooth erupts following canine?
2nd molar (15-33 months)
38
By what age is primary dentition complete?
2.5 - 3 years
39
Within how many months should primary teeth of the same series have erupted on contralateral sides?
within 3 months
40
Which dentition has a greater variation of eruption pattern?
primary (permanent eruption is much more predictable)
41
Differences between primary and permanent teeth crowns
primary incisors are smaller, wider mesiodistally (than premolars replacing), more bulbous, whiter, have thinner enamel and dentine
42
How thick is the enamel in primary teeth?
0.5-1mm
43
What feature is common to primary first molars (upper and lower)?
prominent mesiobuccal tubercle
44
Difference in shape between primary upper first molar and lower first molar
upper first molar is more square whereas lower first molar is more rectangular
45
Feature of primary upper second molar
transverse ridge from DB to MP cusps
46
Which permanent tooth is most similar to primary upper 2nd molar (55, 65)?
upper first permanent molar (16, 26)
47
Feature of primary lower 2nd molar
3 buccal cusps
48
Which permanent tooth has a similar morphology to lower 2nd primary molar (75/85)?
lower first molar (36/46)
49
Difference in roots of primary and permanent teeth
primary teeth have narrower roots, primary molars have longer and more slender roots than permanent molars
50
Describe the root shape of primary molars
flare apically to allow room for developing premolar crowns in between
51
Difference in pulp between primary and permanent teeth
primary teeth have relatively larger pulp chamber and their pulp horns extend higher occlusally (closer to enamel so pulpal exposure more likely)
52
Describe the root canals of primary teeth
ribbon shaped with multiple interconnecting accessory canals
53
Difference in hard tissue (dentine and enamel) between primary and permanent teeth
coronal dentine of primary teeth is much thinner, enamel is relatively thin and has a consistent depth
54
What is the name of naturally occurring spacing in the deciduous dentition?
anthropoid or primate spacing
55
Where is the anthropoid / primate spacing in the maxilla?
mesial to upper deciduous canine
56
Where is the anthropoid / primate spacing in the mandible?
distal to lower deciduous canine
57
Which features of the deciduous dentition help create space for the permanent dentition?
Anthropoid/primate spacing, Leeway space
58
Define the Leeway distance
extra mesio-distal space occupied by the primary canine and molars (c,d,e) which are wider than their permanent counterparts (canine and premolars)
59
Which direction does facial growth occur?
downward and forward growth of skull (affects occlusion)
60
Define the period of mixed dentition
from the eruption of the first permanent tooth (L6s) to the exfoliation of the last primary tooth (UCs)
61
What between which ages is there usually a mixed dentition?
6-11 years old
62
Which is the first permanent tooth to erupt?
lower first permanent molar
63
Permanent eruption sequence of maxillary arch
6, 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 7, 8
64
Which tooth is usually out of place in a crowded upper arch?
canine (erupts following premolars)
65
Permanent eruption sequence of lower arch
6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8
66
Generally lower permanent teeth erupt before upper permanent teeth except...?
upper second premolars erupt before lower
67
Which tooth is usually out of place in a crowded lower arch?
second premolar
68
Which teeth erupt age 6?
L6s, U6s, L1s
69
Which teeth erupt age 7?
U1s, L2s
70
Which teeth erupt age 8?
U2s
71
Which teeth erupt age 9?
L3s
72
Which teeth erupt age 10?
L4s, U4s, U5s, L5s
73
Which teeth erupt age 11?
U3s
74
Which teeth erupt age 12?
L7s, U7s
75
How does the path of eruption of permanent dentition increase AP (anteroposterior) arch length?
permanent incisors are proclined whereas deciduous incisors are upright
76
Why is there a trauma risk to permanent incisors if deciduous incisors are displaced?
permanent incisors develop palatal to primary incisors. Trauma can cause roots of primary incisors to damage developing tooth
77
Why may transient spacing of upper central incisors occur?
due to close proximity of their roots to erupting 2s and 3s
78
What is the name of transient spacing of upper centrals?
physiological midline spacing
79
How may physiological midline spacing resolve itself?
when canines erupt (until then nothing can be done)
80
Apexogenesis definition
continued formation of root in immature teeth
81
How long does it take for primary teeth to complete apexogenesis following eruption?
1.5 years
82
How long does it take permanent teeth to complete apexogenesis following eruption?
3 years (use this to estimate age from radiograph)
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