What are the general stages of gross motor development?
- Whole body flexion/extension
- Separation of head from body
- Separation of top from bottom
- Separation of right from left sides
- Crossing the midline
Which reflex is this?
- an early expression of the fight or flight response.
- It is important in the birthing process (assists in opening up the lungs when baby takes his first breathe)
- It is a protective mechanism (reflex puts infant in position to grab onto mother when sensing danger).
Emerges: 9-12 weeks utero (in the uterus)
Integrates: by 4 months of age
Triggers/response: It is elicited in response to strong sensory stimuli (i.e. loud sound, bright light, etc.) which triggers the hands and legs to move up and away from the body.
Moro Reflex/”Startle Reflex”
Identify the reflex
Triggers/response: It is elicited in response to strong sensory stimuli (i.e. loud sound, bright light, etc.) which triggers the hands and legs to move up and away from the body.
Moro Reflex/”Startle Reflex”
When should Moro Reflex/”Startle Reflex” be integrated? emerge?
by 4 months of age
These are symptoms of which reflex?
- Impulsivity
- Anxiety
- Distractibility
- Hyperactivity
- Poor adaptability
- Poor balance
- Poor motor coordination
- Oculomotor and visual-perceptual issues because they cannot ignore irrelevant visual information
retained moro reflex?
Which reflex is this?
Also known as the “fencing reflex.”
Develops muscle tone and vestibular stimulation.
Assists with the baby twisting out of the birthing canal
Serves as a precursor to eye-hand coordination skills
Emerges: 18 weeks utero
Integrates: by 6 months
Triggers/response: The movement of the baby’s head to one side will cause extension of the arm and leg to the side to which the head is turned and flexion of the limbs on the other side
asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR)
These are symptoms of which retained reflex?
- Difficulty crossing midlines
- Poor visual skills (i.e. convergence, focusing near to far)
- Poor balance ( which can lead to difficulty walking)
- Poor eye-hand coordination because movement of the arm is still dependent on head position (i.e. difficulty catching a ball)
- Difficulty with handwriting/coping from the board (each time a child looks at a page, his arm will want to extend and fingers will want to open)
- Visual perceptual difficulties (i.e. reversal letters like b, d, p, q)
retained ATNR
Which reflex is this?
- this reflex involves the vestibular system that regulates balance & stability in space, aids in developing head control
- helps prepare baby for rolling, creeping, crawling, standing & walking
tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR)
Which reflex is this?
- Aids in the birthing process (baby’s back hits mom’s pelvic bone and makes baby wiggle out of the birth canal)
- This reflex helps to separate the movements of upper and lower half of body and assist with crawling
Emerges: 20 weeks utero
Integrated: between 3-9 months
Triggers/response: If a baby is lying on its tummy, stimulation of the back to the side of the spine will result in hip flexion towards the side of the stimulus
spinal galant reflex (SGR)
These are symptoms of which retained reflex?
- Fidgeting (i.e. difficulty sitting sit)
- Bedwetting
- Poor concentration
- Poor short term memory
- Sensory integration difficulties
retained spinal galant reflex (SGR)
Identify the reflex
Triggers/response: If a baby is lying on its tummy, stimulation of the back to the side of the spine will result in hip flexion towards the side of the stimulus
spinal galant reflex (SGR)
When should spinal galant reflex (SGR) be integrated? emerged?
Emerges: 20 weeks utero
Integrated: between 3-9 months
Which reflex is this?
- This reflex helps to separate the movements of upper and lower half of body
- Assist with crawling
symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR)
Identify the reflex
Triggers/response: Flexion of the head causes arms to bend and legs to extend. Extension of the head causes legs to flex and arms to straighten.
symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR)
When should symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR) be integrated? emerged?
Emerges: 6-9 months of life
Integrated: by 12 months of age
These are symptoms of which retained reflex?
- Poor muscle tone
- Poor posture
- Ape-like walk
- Sits with W-like position (instead of crisscross apple sauce)
- Poor eye-hand coordination (since heads, arms and legs are not moving independently)
- Difficulty learning to swim (i.e. doggy paddle)
- Poor attention/concentration
- Difficulty sitting still
- Poor visual skills (i.e. difficulty with vergence facility, accommodative facility, vertical tracking ability)
retained STNR reflex
