Drive
Refers to an aversive state that motivates behavior to reduce the unpleasant drive
Opponent process theory
Assumes that negative hedonic states of withdrawal + dysphoria are the chief force driving addicts to take drugs
Maslows motivational hierarchy
Describes the pattern through which human motivation generally moves
–> there are 5 needs humans try to fulfill in a successive order
THUS: for motivation to arise, the stage below must first be satisfied
Level 1 - Physiological needs
Maslows motivational hierarchy
Lack of
- chemicals
- nutrients
- internal conditions
e. g. exercise/health - environmental conditions
e. g. temperature
–> are necessary for the body to survive
Level 2 - Safety-security needs
Lack of protections such as
- shelter
- personal/financial protection
- legl protection
Level 3 - Belongingness needs
Humans need interpersonal attachments + to feel a sense of belonging
–> deprivation might lead to anxiety, mental problems
Level 4 - Esteem needs
Lack of respect a person has for himself or the lack of respect a person receives from another person
- Esteem for the self
- Esteem for others
Self-acutalization needs
People desire self-fulfillment, thus becoming their best self
