New US oak flavours?
sweeter vanilla aroma along with some coconut
New French oak flavours?
more subtle nutty, coconut aromas
Which gives more flavour - new/old?, big/small?
new
small
which reduces acid - warm or cool climate?
warm (riper tasting and less sharp)
effect of malolactic fermentation (x2 things)
reduces acidity
adds buttery aromas
white wine making stages?
Crush > press > ferment
red wine making stages
crush > ferment > press
white wine fermentation range
12-22 degrees